中国历史英文介绍

⑴ 中国历史简介英文版

As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers (2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.

This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Originally built in 652 ring the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.

Xuanzang started off from Chang'an (the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.

First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.

As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend. According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo. One day, they couldn't find meat to buy. Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: 'Today we have no meat. I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some.' At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground. All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious. They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat. Hence it got the name 'Big Wild Goose Pagoda'.

Da Ci'en Temple

Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named 'Ci'en' (Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters (38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.

Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.

Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons (14.76 gross tons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon. A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.

North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters (23920.6 square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area. In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex.

The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths. There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views. With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long (656-foot-long) sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

⑵ 用英语介绍中国历史

中国历史，从夏朝算起，有近4100年历史；从中国第一个统一的朝代秦朝算起，约有2241年。

The history of China is nearly 4100 years from the Xia Dynasty and 2241 years from the Qin Dynasty, the first unified dynasty in China.

史前时期的有巢氏 、燧人氏 、伏羲氏 、神农氏(炎帝) 、黄帝(轩辕氏) 被尊为中华人文始祖 。约公元前2070年，夏朝出现；商朝时出现了已知中国最早的成熟文字—甲骨文；西周时社会进一步发展，春秋战国时生产力提高，思想百家争鸣。

In prehistoric times, Youchao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong (Yandi) and Huangdi (Xuanyuan) were regarded as the ancestors of Chinese culture. In 2070 BC, Xia Dynasty appeared; in Shang Dynasty, oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest mature writing in China,

appeared; in Western Zhou Dynasty, society developed further, proctivity increased in spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and a hundred schools of thought contend.

公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权封建国家—秦朝；西汉与东汉时进一步巩固和发展了大一统的局面，汉字基本定型。三国两晋南北朝时期，中国进入分裂割据局面。

In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang established the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history Qin Dynasty; the western and Eastern Han Dynasties further consolidated and developed the situation of great unification, and the Chinese characters were basically shaped.

During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the southern and Northern Dynasties, China entered a situation of separatist regime.

隋唐五代时期，经济繁荣、科技发展，文化影响广泛。武周时期，因“大周万国颂德天枢”的营建而使国际地位达到顶峰。辽宋夏金元时期，多元文化交融，经济、科技发展到新的高度。明朝时，经济取得发展，明末江南地区出现“资本主义萌芽”；清朝前期奠定了中国今天的疆域。

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, economic prosperity, scientific and Technological Development and cultural influence were widespread. During the Wuzhou period, the international status reached its peak because of the construction of "the great Zhou Wanguo praises the virtue of Tianshu".

In the period of Liao, song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, multi-cultural integration, economy, science and technology developed to a new height. In the Ming Dynasty, the economy developed, and "capitalist sprouts" appeared in Jiangnan area in the late Ming Dynasty; in the early Qing Dynasty, China's territory today was established.

(2)中国历史英文介绍扩展阅读

根据历史文献和考古物证，可将中国历史（炎黄文明）划分为十个纪：

炎黄、虞夏、商周、齐楚、秦汉；

魏晋、隋唐、宋元、明清、共和。

一、炎黄纪：以仰韶文化为代表，约两千四百年（公元前五十至前二十六世纪）。以农业社会、母系社会末期、铜石并用时代、父系社会初期为准。炎黄纪已经出现私有制、商业、战争、奴隶。

二、虞夏纪：以龙山文化、齐家文化为代表，约一千年（公元前二十六至前十六世纪）。二里头文化兜底：以青铜器时代初期、双轮车、城市、文字等古文明标志为准。传说时代的颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜、禹或可研究纳入本时代故事集。

三、商周纪：青铜器时代中期，分封制中期，以殷墟、甲骨文为典型代表。成汤灭夏、武王伐纣、国人暴动为本时代三部曲。约八百年。

⑶ 中国历史上某个10年的英文介绍

英语最重要的是词汇，真的，语法学了就学了，到时候用的时候还是拼词汇
所以，想背词汇先学好音标吧，也不多，找个好老师或网上下个标准版的好好学
如果是对付考试，呵呵，做题最管用咯……

⑷ 中国的英文简介

你好，转:
中国使用“China”这个英文名称始于1912年，可是西方人在两千多年前就已经认知这个东亚国家的名称了。据有关专家经过多年的探索和考证，中国的英文名称“China”一词的词源，最早来源于公元前10世纪（有的学者提出是公元前5世纪和公元前15 世纪）的印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》中出现的“Cina”一词；在公元前4世纪的古印度乔胝厘耶的《政事论》中，也曾提到过“Cina”；公元前5到4世纪的波斯赞美弗尔瓦丁神的诗中也曾出现过“Cina”；《旧约全书》中也有关于“Sinoa ”的记述。
对于“China”这一名称的来源和词义，在学术界一直是众说纷纭、各执其词，目前所见到的几种说法是：“瓷”、“秦”、“茶”、“丝”、“粳”和“苗语”说。

有学者提出：“China”是汉语“昌南”（原景德镇名）的音译。随着景德镇精细白瓷大量流传到海外，才使得“瓷”（china）成为“中国”的代名词。

《美国遗产大词典》的解释是，“China”一词与公元前三世纪的秦朝有关，“China”是秦国的“秦”的译音，这一观点首先是罗马传教士卫匡国（Martini, Martin）在1655年最早提出来的。

据记载，在公元前五世纪，东方的丝绸已成为希腊上层社会喜爱的衣料，因此，有学者认为“Cina”一词由来于丝绸的“丝”，其依据是希腊史学家克特西亚斯（Ctesias）在他的著作中提到了赛里斯人（Serica），由此认为“赛里斯”是由“Cin a”转变而来。持这一观点的学者是成都理工大学刘兴诗教授和上海东华大学教授周启澄先生。刘兴诗教授曾在论文《CHINA释义新探》中不仅提出， “China”一词源于丝绸，还认为：古时西土各国认定的“Cina”所在正是古蜀国，即今天的成都地区。“丝 国”并非指今日中国的全境。

重庆师范大学黄中模教授对于“Cina”的考证认为，“支那”可能为古苗语。古印度通过南丝绸之路与三苗文化盛行的中国南方关系密切，史诗里的“支那” 也是泛指古中国，这也是三苗文化在异域的表现。他表示，现今流传在苗族中“吉那”、“子腊”不仅与“ 支那”同音，在含意里也有“水田之乡”之意。

文化人类学家、民俗学家林河先生认为，印度梵语中的Cina，指的就是中国南方的粳稻民族，是“粳”的译音。印度东部的阿萨姆邦等地区，住有中国南方的粳稻民族， 种粳稻的民族自称为Cina （粳），因此，阿萨姆邦等地区的粳民也自称为“粳”，印度人就是依照粳民族的语言称他们为Cina（粳）了。

从时间上来看，景德镇的陶瓷出现于东汉，秦朝建立于公元前221年。从专家们提供的资料看，“Cina”一词在印度梵文中的出现的最迟时间也在公元前5世纪，中国茶叶的出口也要晚于这一时期。由此可见，印度梵文中的“Cina”和中国的“茶”、景德镇的“瓷”及中国秦国的“秦”并无关系。

关于赛里斯国的丝绸在西方的许多文献中有许多记载，如在《希腊拉丁作家远东古文献辑录》 （[法]戈岱司编耿?译）一书中，囊括了从公元前四世纪到公元十四世纪期间九十多部希腊文和拉丁文著作中关于塞里斯国的记述。希腊史学家克特西亚斯（Ctesias）在公元前四世纪就提到的赛里斯国（Serica）。专家们认为，由Serica演化出来英语的锡尔克（si lk）、俄语的旭尔克，均来源于中国“丝”字的谐音，是这些国家对丝绸的称呼。但在印度梵文中记录中国的名称是“Cina”，而由此衍生出的英文是 “China”，波斯文是“Chin”，阿拉伯文是“Sina”，拉丁文是“Sinae,” 法文是“Chine”，德文是 “China”，意大利文是“Cina”，俄文的“中国”名称是根据公元九世纪的辽国“契丹”（KITAN ，kitai）的音译得来的。很明显，在许多历史文献的记述里，那个生产丝绸和贩卖丝绸的赛里斯国（Serica）和古印度梵文中的“Cina”，代表的并不是同一个概念，所指的并不是同一个国家或地区，也就是说，“Cina”与“丝”并无关系。

我们可以肯定地说，“Cina”指的是东方的一个国家或者是一个社会集团，但是这个名称在当时所指的具体是哪一个区域、哪一个人类族体、其含义究竟是什么，现有的各种学说都不足以令人信服。我认为，古代中国的商、周版图远没有今天中国的版图这么辽阔，商、周对西方的影响远没有今天的中国对世界的影响这样宏大，在东亚辽阔的土地上除商、周以外，那些被商、周称为“东夷”、“北狄”、“西戎”、“南蛮” （自《礼记曲礼》）的族体则占据着东亚更广袤的土地。因此，我们无论是在探讨“Cina”的来历还是其含 义的时候，不能把视线仅限于商、周的区域。

无论是“苗语”说还是“粳”说，一致的观点是，“Cina”指的是今天中国南方的农耕民族。但是，我们也不能忽视东亚北部的游牧民族，因为东亚北部的游牧民族同样是东亚民族的一个重要组成部分，他们同样存在着拥有“Cina”这一名称的可能性。

一、称呼一个国家或一个社会集团无非是自称或他称，自称必能自圆其说，他称也必会自有其理。“Cina”一词的确切含义，西方人不能解释，今天的汉语也不能作出解释。笔者恰恰在戎狄的语言中找到了“Cina”一词的答案。

戎狄是匈奴的前身。《吕氏春秋审为篇》说：“狄人、猃狁，今日匈奴。”《晋书北狄传》也以为“匈奴之类，总谓之北狄。……夏曰獯鬻，殷曰鬼方，周曰猃狁，汉曰匈奴。” 在《魏书蠕蠕匈奴徒何高车列传》中记述：“高车，盖古赤狄之余种也。初号为狄历，北方以为高车、丁零。其语略与匈奴同而时有小异。”《周书突厥传》云： “突厥，大抵与匈奴同俗。”《隋书铁勒传》云：“其俗大抵与突厥同。”马长寿著《北狄与匈奴》云：“匈奴语言上的通则与蒙古语言上的通则，不相违背。” “匈奴、突厥、铁勒之俗又与蒙古同。突厥语中蒙古语成分的比重相当大。近代学者一致承认柔然使用的语言是蒙古语。柔然的部族皆高车，蒙古又是铁勒中土拉河北的部族。这样，从狄历、丁零、铁勒、高车、柔然、突厥到蒙古，世代相接，世系相衔，是为一脉相联也（ 《蒙古族族源考》苏日巴达拉哈）。“中国北方诸族之裔呈通古斯、蒙古、突厥三大语族并存的局面，是上古语言生态融合而成的较为简单的表象。以匈奴之庞大，其语言和血缘必然混杂；说它是一个多血缘多语言的部落联盟，或许更为恰当。……总的来看，它的人种和语言已经接近后世蒙古民族的形态；又由于通古斯部落是它的统治集团，其核心部落的语言可能更偏向于通古斯语。”（《奴的血缘和出逃路线》--朱学渊）这无疑证明了古代戎狄与匈奴、高车、蒙古之间的语言传承关系。因此，古代的戎狄或他的先人正是操着蒙古语，或大部分操着蒙古语的一个庞大的社会集团，因此， “Cina”一词的含义应该能够在今天的蒙古语中得到相应的解释。在蒙古语中，[ ]的读音可谓与“Cina”非常相象，读做“赤那”，意思为“狼”。

但是西方国家为什么称呼戎狄为“赤那”即“狼”呢？唯一的可能性是，戎狄以狼为图腾、打着狼旗东征西战。这种可能性可以在中国的史书对戎狄的后人们的记述中得到间接的证实。

在《蒙古秘史》的开篇第一章便说：“天命所生的苍色狼与惨白色鹿同渡腾吉思水来到斡难河源的不儿罕山前，产生了巴塔赤罕”。《国语·周语》记载着：“穆天子西狩犬戎，获其五王，得四白狼四白鹿以归”。史学家翦伯赞考证：“白狼白鹿是当时的氏族”（翦伯赞《中国史纲》，三联书店，1950年版）。这是很明显的图腾崇拜，是两个以狼和鹿为图腾的姻族。

《魏书·蠕蠕匈奴徒何高车列传》中记述：“俗云：匈奴单于生二女，姿容甚美，国人皆以为神。单于曰：‘吾有此女，安可配人？将以与天。’乃于国北无人之地筑高台，置二女其上曰：‘请天自迎之。’经三年，其母欲迎之。单于曰：‘不可，未彻之间耳。’复一年，乃有一老狼，昼夜守台嗥呼，因穿台下为空穴，经时不去。其小女曰：‘吾父处我于此，欲以与天，而今狼来，或是神物，无使之然。’将下就之。其姊夫惊曰：‘此是畜生，无乃辱父母？’妹不从，下为狼妻而产子。后遂滋繁成国。故其人好引声长歌，又似狼嗥。” 这是一个典型的族源说的例子。

《魏书·列传第四十九》记载，“突厥之先，平凉杂胡也，姓阿史那氏。后魏太武灭沮渠氏，阿史那以五百家奔茹茹（“茹茹”也称为“柔然”），世居金山，工于铁作。金山状如兜鍪，俗呼兜鍪为‘突厥’，因以为号。或云，其先国于西海之上，为邻国所灭，男女无少长尽杀之。至一?，不忍杀，刖足断臂，弃于大泽中。有一牝狼，每衔肉至其所，此?因食之，得以不死。其后遂与狼交，狼有孕焉。彼邻国者，复令人杀此，而狼在其侧。使者将杀之，其狼若为神所凭，?然至于海东，止于山上。其山在高昌西北，下有洞穴，狼入其中，遇得平壤茂草，地方二百余里。其后狼生十男，其一姓阿史那氏，最贤，遂为君长，故牙门建狼头纛，示不忘本也。”此记载中的“阿史那”就是“赤那”，“狼头纛”就是狼头旗。唐朝的王涯在其诗中就写到：“旌甲从军久，风云识阵难。今朝韩信计，日下斩成安。燕颔多奇相，狼头敢犯边。寄言班定远，正是立功年。”这里的“狼头”指的正是打着狼头徽号战旗的北方游牧民族。 31976希望对你有帮助！

⑸ 关于中国历史的英语短文(演讲用)

uch stories set us thinking, wondering what

⑹ 用英文介绍中国的历史文化（有中文翻译）

The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schele, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.

China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.

参考译文：

中国人饮茶， 注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。

中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。

⑺ 用英文介绍中国历史人物

【音乐】
嵇康：
嵇康,字叔夜,本姓奚,祖籍会稽(今浙江绍兴)，“竹林七贤”的领袖人物。三国时魏末诗人与音乐家，玄学家的代表人物之一。嵇康从小喜爱音乐，有极高的音乐天赋。他精于笛，妙于琴，善于音律。他创作的《长清》、《短清》、《长侧》、《短侧》四首琴曲被称为“嵇氏四弄”，是中国古代一组著名琴曲，与东汉的“蔡氏五弄”合称“九弄，尤其善于演奏《广陵散》。
嵇康对那些传世久远、名目堂皇的教条礼法不以为然，更深恶痛绝那些乌烟瘴气、尔谀我诈的官场仕途。他宁愿在洛阳城外做一个默默无闻而自由自在的打铁匠，也不愿与竖子们同流合污。他如痴如醉地追求着他心中崇高的人生境界：摆脱约束，释放人性，回归自然，享受悠闲。
【诗文】
杜甫（公元712--770），汉族，字子美，河南巩县（今郑州巩义）人，世称杜工部、杜拾遗，自号少陵野老，是我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，为国为民，英年早衰，诗圣，世界文化名人，与李白并称“李杜”。
杜甫善于运用古典诗歌的许多体制，并加以创造性地发展。他是新乐府诗体的开路人。他的乐府诗，促成了中唐时期新乐府运动的发展。他的五七古长篇，亦诗亦史，展开铺叙，而又着力于全篇的回旋往复，标志着我国诗歌艺术的高度成就。
【医药】
李时珍：
字东璧，号濒湖，湖北蕲州人，汉族。其父李言闻是当地名医。李时珍继承家学，尤其重视本草，并富有实践精神，肯于向劳动人民群众学习。在李时珍任职太医院前后的一段时期，经长时间准备之后，李时珍开始了《本草纲目》的写作。在编写过程中，他脚穿草鞋，身背药篓，带着学生和儿子建元，翻山越岭，访医采药，倾听了千万人的意见，参阅各种书籍800多种，历时27年，终于在他61岁那年（1578年）写成。
【兵法】
孙武
也就是孙子,出生于约公元前552年,字长卿,后人又尊称孙武子,齐国乐安人，汉族。公元前552年，即孔子出生的前一年，在齐国都城临淄以北的莒邑，诞生了一位伟大的军事家和军事理论家。他就是被后世并称为山东文武两圣人之一的武圣，也称“兵圣”——孙武。
春秋时期最优秀的统帅无疑是孙武，即使在世界上，他也是最伟大的军事理论家，我曾说过，只要《孙子兵法》存在，世界上一切伟大的兵书都只能是第二流的。《孙子兵法》是无与伦比的。孙武同样也擅长指挥，柏举之战就是中国战争史上灵活用兵，以少胜多的典型战役。
【思想家】
孔子（前551.9.28—前479.4.11）名丘，字仲尼，春秋鲁国人，汉族，生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡（今山东省曲阜市东南的鲁源村）。逝世后葬于曲阜城北泗水之上，即今日孔林所在地。
孔子对后世影响深远，他在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”、“千古圣人”，是当时社会上最博学者之一，并且被后世尊为至圣（圣人之中的圣人）、万世师表。曾修《诗》、《书》，定《礼》 、《乐》，序《周易》，作《春秋》。孔子的思想及儒家学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。
《论语》是儒家的经典著作，由孔子的弟子及再传弟子编纂而成，是一本记录孔子及其弟子言行的书。

在每个方面列举一些人物

⑻ 中国古代名人的英文介绍

1、李斯

李斯（公元前284年—公元前208年），字通古，汝南上蔡（今河南省上蔡县芦冈乡李斯楼村）人。秦朝著名政治家、文学家和书法家。

Lisi (284 BC - 208 BC), a native of Shangcai, Runan (now Lislou Village, Lugang Township, Shangcai County, Henan Province). Famous politicians, writers and calligraphers in Qin Dynasty.

李斯早年为郡小吏，师从荀子学习帝王之术。学成之后，入秦为官 ，丞相吕不韦以为郎官。

In his early years, Li Si was a small official in the county. He learned the art of emperor from Xunzi. After learning it, he became an official in Qin Dynasty, and his prime minister, Lv Buwei, regarded him as a Lang Guan.

2、蔡邕

蔡邕（133年－192年），字伯喈。陈留郡圉县（今河南杞县南）人。东汉时期名臣，文学家、书法家，才女蔡文姬之父。

Cai Yong (133-192), Bo Zhe. Chen Liujun Meixian (now Qixian South of Henan Province) people. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji, a famous minister, writer and calligrapher, was the father of a gifted girl.

董卓被诛杀后，蔡邕因在王允座上感叹而被下狱，不久便死于狱中，年六十。

After Dong Zhuo was slaughtered, Cai Yong was imprisoned for sighing at Wang Yunzuo. He soon died in prison at the age of sixty.

3、王羲之

王羲之（303—361，一说321—379），字逸少，东晋时期书法家，有“书圣”之称。

Wang Xi (303-361, 321-379), a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was known as the "Book Sage".

其书法兼善隶、草、楷、行各体，精研体势，心摹手追，广采众长，备精诸体，冶于一炉，摆脱了汉魏笔风，自成一家，影响深远。

His calligraphy is good at Li, Cao, Kai and Xing, studying body posture carefully, imitating and pursuing hand by hand, widely collecting all the advantages, preparing all kinds of body, melting into one furnace, getting rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei Dynasties, and becoming a family of its own with far-reaching influence.

4、苏轼

苏轼（1037年1月8日，一说1036年12月19日—1101年8月24日），字子瞻、和仲，号铁冠道人、东坡居士，世称苏东坡、苏仙，汉族，眉州眉山（四川省眉山市）人，祖籍河北栾城，北宋著名文学家、书法家、画家。

Su Shi (January 8, 1037, December 19, 1036 - August 24, 1101) is a famous writer, calligrapher and painter of the Northern Song Dynasty.

5、孔子

孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日），子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), Zi's surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Liyi, Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province), an ancient thinker, ecator and founder of Confucianism.

⑼ 英语介绍 世界历史/中国历史

History of China
The recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese characters. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BC.[1] Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) valley. 221 BC is commonly accepted to be the year in which China became unified under a large kingdom or empire. In that year, Qin Shi Huang first united China. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to control increasingly larger territory that reached maximum under the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchurian Qing Dynasty.

The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a country alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by foreign peoples, most of whom were assimilated into the Han Chinese population. Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, and assimilation, merged to create the Chinese culture.
参考资料：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_China

Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages[1] in Europe, the Qin Dynasty in China, the Chola Empire in India, and some less defined point in the rest of the world (for example, in the Americas). (The period following antiquity is the Imperial era in China and the period of the Middle Kingdoms in India; one might consider the end of antiquity in the Americas to be the start of the colonization of the Americas.) The goal of the modern day critical ancient historian is objectivity. The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to ancient history since the beginning of recorded Greek history in about 776 BC (First Olympiad). This coincides, roughly, with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome.

Although the ending date of ancient history is disputed, currently most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, the death of the emperor Justinian I or the coming of Islam in 632 as the end of ancient European history. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 – 5,500 years, with Sumerian cuneiform being the oldest form of writing discovered so far. This is the beginning of history by the definition used by most historians.

⑽ 中国历史英文介绍(有翻译)

你可以来去这个网站，源然后你往下拖以后，会看到在左边，有一个可以更换语言的选项。你点“
中文”，就可以看到中文的翻译。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_China
这个网站全是中国历史。