A. 动漫发展史
“动漫”一词最早在正式场合被使用,是1998年11月大陆的动漫资讯类月刊《动漫时代》的创刊 。这一词语后经由《漫友》杂志传开,因概括性强在中国大陆地区的使用开始普及起来。
“动漫”这一合称的出现主要是因为日本的动画和漫画产业联系紧密,所以日本动画和漫画在中国传播的过程中,出现了《动漫时代》这样综合了日本动画和漫画咨询的杂志。
因此,“动漫”最早主要在日本动漫的爱好者中使用,用来指日本的动画和漫画。但随着中国动画和漫画产业的发展,用来指中国的动画和漫画的场合也多了起来。
当今在中国大陆地区,有许多人将”动漫“的概念与“动画“的概念混为一谈,把动画称为动漫,这是一种误用。“动漫”实际上是“动画”和“漫画”的结合称呼,不能用于单指动画。
(1)动画发展历史简单英语扩展阅读:
典型代表
1、日本动漫
日本是世界动漫强国,其动漫发展的模式具有鲜明的民族特色而不失创新和吸引力。动漫是日本的重要产业链,在全球鲜有对手。
2、中国动漫
中国动漫,是指中国(大陆)地区的动画和漫画。
中国动画起源于20世纪20年代,1926年摄制了中国第一部动画片《大闹画室》,揭开了中国动画史的一页。20世纪40年代,万氏兄弟创作了中国动画第一部长片《铁扇公主》,发行到东南亚和日本地区,受到人们的热烈欢迎,为中国动画走向国际作了很好的铺垫。
3、美国动漫
美国的动漫作品较其他国家的动漫作品而言,其动作流畅、情节想象力丰富,而且通常多运用高科技拍摄手法。概括起来,美国动漫的特色不外乎这四种:“美国英雄主义”、“利用动漫特技制造逼真感与震撼力”、“刺中观众幻想的神经”和“英雄配美人”。
B. 求纯英文介绍日本动漫发展史,最好是对话式的(广播用)
this phrase has been translated as the Hebrew name of God, meaning "I Am That I Am."
Some Hebrew social traditions also may have found their way into Japanese culture, such as bowing as a form of greeting, the imagery of mountains as holy places of enlightenment and spiritual discovery, similar styles of folk-dancing amongst both Hebrew and Japanese peoples, and the sowing of salt before an important (or religious) undertaking as a symbol for purification. Not to mention the similarities between the royal crest of the Japanese imperial family carrying the exact same design as the seal over Herrod's Gate in Jerusalem (one of the most important entrances to the holy city).
With all of these findings to consider, one can easily see why the influence of Jewish mysticism is so strong in Japanese anime. And the introction of Christianity to Japan in 1549 by Jesuit Francis Xavier, and its reintroction in 1859 after Japan's two centuries of seclusion, has also served its part in shaping the religious and social lives of the Japanese. Although true freedom of religion did not show itself in Japan until the Allied occupation in 1945, it has long been the nature of Shinto to tolerate and even absorb certain aspects of other religions(3). Shinto-ized versions of Christian angels and demons have found their way into Japanese art and story. Naturally, with the strong apocalyptic tendencies of Japanese entertainment, one can see how the Christian idea of angels as saviors, while also being juxtaposed as the bringers of Armageddon, would be a fascinating subject for the Japanese. One example can be found in "Wish," a Japanese manga by the leading female artist group CLAMP, which tells the story of a young angel, Kohaku, sent to earth to find another missing angel, Hisui. While these angels are depicted in the traditional Christian manner (white wings, halos, white robes, etc…) they are assigned very pagan roles. There are four archangels, but they are not the typical four found
C. 英语发展史(用英语介绍)
卢恩语(Futhark)→古英语(即盎格鲁-撒克逊语)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英国英语(English)
1.英语的发展要追溯到公元年,罗马人离开不列颠之后,日耳曼部族包括盎格鲁、萨克逊开始涌入。
2.罗马人走了,没有留下他们使用的拉丁语。反倒是实用的盎格鲁萨克逊语言进入到当地人的语言,带去了新的词汇。
3.公元597年,基督教传入英国。基督教的流行,使当地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字,如“martyr(烈士)”, “bishop”和 “font”。
4.公元800年,丹麦人入侵英国。维京语言给英语带来了好战意味明显的词汇,英语中共有2000个词汇源于维京人。
5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列颠,带来了来自海峡对岸的法语。法语成为了上层阶级与官方事务用语。总的来讲,英文大概从诺曼语中吸收了一万多个单词。
6.1337 年,英法百年战争开始。在这116年的争斗中,英语吸收了法语中的战争词汇,如“armies”, “navies” 及 “soldiers“, 并逐步取代法语,成为当权者的语言。
7.100年之后诞生了莎士比亚。字典告诉我们,莎士比亚大概发明了2000多个新字,包括好用的词汇还有很多当时的流行词汇。
8.1611年出现了詹姆士王版圣经。新圣经使用了所有人都能理解的语言,使得圣经中的教训不再是“王宫粉墙上”的文字,而是手中的小册,并有传教士在每间教堂宣传。
9.17世纪,科学得到了迅速的发展。皇家学院的科学家们一开始用拉丁文沟通,后来发现其实用自己的母语英文会更简洁。新事物的发现产生了许多新的词汇。
10.在日不落帝国迅速扩张时期,英语从殖民地不同的语言中吸收了许多新的词汇与表达。据统计,在1815年到1914年期间,新变种的英文得以在世界各地发展。
11.随着英文向四面八方扩张,词典编纂者也随之出现,这些人想要解决拼字不统一的无政府状态。于是约翰逊博士花了九年编成了一本英文字典,促成了拼写的统一。
12.英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊以及朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来,并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。
13.在19至20世纪,英国以及美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学在世界上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言。如今,许多国际场合都使用英语做为沟通媒介。
古英语受低地日耳曼语影响很大,比如动词,基本词汇,发音,复合词结构,形态变化很复杂,但是与现代的标准德语还是有很大的区别。
现代英语并非起源或演变自罗曼语族亦或是法语,但是数万现代英语词汇,很大一部分来自法语,约5万英语词汇与法语接近甚至是完全相同,现代英语和多数现代欧洲语言都改用字母拼写。
现代英语所使用的拼写字母,也是完全借用了26个字母。所谓“英语字母”,就是古罗马人在书写时所使用的拼写字母。
英语开始以拉丁字母作为拼写系统大约是在公元六世纪盎格鲁撒克逊时代。
英语-网络
D. 欧美动画的发展历史
欧美动画以美国动画为代表,从20世纪90年代以来,美国动画日趋成熟。在主题上更加注重人性与个性的张扬。动画事业已经成功的走出了传统动画那种靠冒险、刺激来吸引观众的阶段。
美国动画片取材不分国界、民族、地域、不论古今,无所忌讳、只要有利,统统拿来《花木兰》这样一部中国题材的动画片,这里塑造了一个勇敢、善良、坚韧的中国妇女,一个激励着保卫祖国的和平与家园的安宁的巾帼英雄。美国动画片《埃及王子》是一部能让现代人感动和共鸣的故事,交织着激发观众强烈情感的情节,宣扬人性的光辉,匠心独运的视听语言等等,都为我们展示出惊人的新动画风格。迪尼斯的最终创作意图显然不仅仅是为了一个中国孝女树碑立传,而是希望通过动画的方式将花木兰塑造成西方人民推崇的圣女贞德一样能够跨越民族和国家的女英雄。
E. 动画发展历史
最早的动画应该是一九二几年时候拍摄的黑白电影动画《铁扇公主》然后是《三专毛流浪记》。
解放属后动画基本都是在长春电影厂和上海美术片厂制作,先是《大闹天宫》(中国第一部彩色动画电影),以后还有《小蝌蚪找妈妈》(中国第一部水墨画电影)、《牧笛》、《鹿铃》、《瓷娃娃》、《骄傲的将军》、《黑公鸡》》、《哪吒闹海》、《九色鹿》等,这些都是上世纪70年代以前的。
《好猫咪咪》、《济公》、《阿凡提》、《葫芦娃》、《黑猫警长》、《舒克贝塔》、《邋遢大王》、《小猪噜噜》、《哪吒闹海》、《九色鹿》、《魔方大厦》等,是上世纪90年代以前的
90年代以后,老一辈的动画人基本都退休或者做起了幕后工作,由于70年恢复了高考,应试教育突然间兴起,家长们都开始给孩子们灌输读书考大学的理念,造成了动画人培养的断层(其中由于文革打压文艺事业也是一个重要因素,所以文革结束后的《哪吒闹海》就成了老一辈动画人的和后来动画人的分界点,用哪吒闹海和70~90年代的动画做对比,你可以发现其中的技术差距是多么的明显)。
过去的配音演员阵容基本都是上美和上译(上海美术片厂和上海译制片厂)。
F. 急~求美国动画发展历史英文介绍,最好有图片!!
Cartload : You are American, the U.S. and Asia Animation exchange of Principal Adviser to the United States in the development of track position is very well, Can you talk about the United States is how track instries from small to large and from weak to strong, ZTE access road? Zhang Xiaoji Security : The United States is a very attention to the protection of their cultural country. For example, the Christian culture is the backbone of an umbrella, other cultures around the trunk, the same as the umbrella bone unfolded. No matter how doing something unorthodox, it is inseparable from the mainstream culture. American culture is in the hands of the Americans, especially treasure of American culture, all pay attention to the protection of cultural, This can metaphor : the United States used the metaphor of a culture vessel, the American people are on board sailors, struggling in the water not dropped my boat. This is the first point. The second point that Americans have to track the spending habits of procts, so they have two characteristics : one is a universal consumption, Whether you are a child or young alts, and even the elderly, have different levels of animation consumption, for example, an elderly birthday, the movie received a lot of cards, the elderly are very pleased, and some of his relatives no matter what age, what good thing to encounter, such as birthday, wedding With what, He sent some gifts at the same time, yeah, right, and such gifts may be derived from the animation. He is also to release this gift cards to send out animation, which is a characteristic. Another feature of life animation consumption. Especially from the 0 to 12 age group, in the United States, statistical, in this age of the crowd, They average 71 toys, and some have more. I can cite an example, a young girl, especially hyperactive and not concentrate on learning. Mother leading her to see psychological doctors, psychologists say, can you draw me to your house to see, child psychologists came to the room, only one, shut the door, told her mother, Please put your child's toys to less 5%. According to the mother the doctors made, and the children are learning a lot really good. There's a reason children are toys much of the excess (approximately 400), comes to an end with this, um, how she can concentrate on their studies? This is a characteristic. The second characteristic is that in the United States, animation extension almost infiltrate into the corner of each, for example, sell drugs, Not only sell drugs, also sell small articles of daily use, these small articles of daily use, there is a considerable amount of animation procts, such as sick children. If you give him medicine at the same time, he could also proposed charges as just such as Mickey Mouse shirt. For instance, the stores sell glasses, glasses on the shelves, glasses are linked in some cartoon characters face, Reren cartoon characters are popular, and people passing through will not help more enjoyable, looking at the same time, they saw the glasses. In addition, spectacles store also placed many cartoon toys, glasses you bought at the same time, perhaps bought a playmate. In short, in the United States and merchants to provide consumers with all the consumer convenience, sometimes, you do not think of businessmen have you thought of everything. For instance, the cards seem very cheap, sometimes only 1,2 U.S. dollars, as your wife for a friend or a gift on the card write a few words, I will feel very warm, between classmates send a small gift as a gift card. According to what is said, the United States annual card sales volume reached 3 billion each year Americans spend almost 10 dollars, Therefore, the Americans animation consumption habits from the fundamental guarantee for the development track, it is a problem. Another key issue is, the United States domestic proction of animation Its basic principle is : the lower the better proction costs. and the greater efficiency is the better course. For example, when the company had the theme track design and screenplay, it may local proction in the United States, The United States may not have local proction, in Asia it can use half the cost of proction completed, he will never in their proction. Therefore, their procts are completely animation market, according to the laws of the market economy. Meanwhile, they paid great attention to protecting its cultural track, while minimizing foreign, such as Europe, Japan's invasion, I said yes to less than one is not allowed to import, but the introction of the quantity is very small. In short, they make full use of their proction animation procts. This is like one with its own seed, its own fertilizer, to hire cheap labor for them. He is the last of the harvest, said that the United States is an animated cartoon instry as a major power, it is not a coincidence. and I of the above mentioned enjoyed a close relationship, the problem is sporadic, I will discuss here. Zhang Xiao An Introction : USA, the U.S. and Asia Animation exchange organizations Principal Consultant. 1982 graated from the Beijing Film Academy (animation professional, college), in Beijing Branch shadow, Chinese television proction center, and the Central Television unit. He is the first Chinese animation instry in the television cartoon creation one of the young directors. A distinctive style, with a rich culture of color. USA, the United States and Asia as cartoon bodies Principal Adviser, perform for the Chinese animation instry to provide professional consulting services and the promotion of Sino-U.S. cooperation animation project. His cartoon "I lost," was the first in 1989 China Television Animation Honor Award; animated short film "Jiapanweidi" is the 1994 National cartoon humor pieces sweetheart Award; Karaoke animation "Grandpa Deng meters of trees" in 1998 was China's first television program karaoke outstanding design award OK OK .
这可是我自己翻译的!!!!!
G. 英国动画片的发展史(急需)
英国这个有着悠久历史的欧洲国家,是一个具有多元文化和开放思想的社会。诞生了象莎士比亚、牛顿和培根这样的世界巨匠。英国也是世界上动画先进的国家之一,发展较之美国,日本等国要相对缓慢。1906年城市贸易公司的《艺术家之手》,由前魔术家沃尔特·布思拍摄,内容表现一个画家画出一个小贩和他老婆在跳舞。这是英国最早的动画片。在20世纪30年代的英国, 有400多位动画片专家为25家公司(几乎都是广告公司)所雇佣,这一时期具有代表性的人物是约翰·哈拉斯(John Halas,1912-1995)和乔伊·巴切勒(Joy Batchelor,1914-1991)。约翰·哈拉斯 1912年4月16日诞生于匈牙利的布达佩斯,在家乡从事实验动画数年后,先在巴黎待了一阵,于1936年去往英国。1940年他和妻子乔伊·巴切勒成立了Halas & Batchelor公司,专门从事动画制作。在第二次世界大战期间,他们为政府制作了一些鼓舞民众士气,反法西斯的宣传教育动画短片,如《弥补》(Filling the Gap,1941)、《挖掘胜利》(Digging for Victory,1942)、《丛林战》(Jungle Warfare,1943)等。
1945年约翰·哈拉斯和乔伊·巴切勒为英国海军部绘制拍摄了一部供教学用的《船舶驾驶》(Handling Ships,1945),全片长达70分钟,是英国第一部大型动画片。该片使用实物模型定格技术拍摄。之后还拍摄了数部相同类型的动画片,如1946年制作的专题短片《现代健康指南》(Modern Guide to Health,1946)、1948年的《水消防》(Water for Firefighting,1948)、1949年的《潜艇控制》(Submarine Control,1949)等。
第二次世界大战之后,从1951年到1954年三年之间,他们投入了70名动画家的人力终于完成了英国史上第一部长篇动画《动物庄园》(Animal Farm,1954)。本片是根据英国作家乔治·奥维尔的小说《动物庄园》改编的同名动画影片,主要表现了受到虐待的动物们奋起抗争压迫的故事。片中动物们由于不堪忍受庄园主的压榨,所以团结起来进行革命,在胜利后建立起自己的庄园,但胜利的果实很快又被同类所窃取。影片就是通过对动物世界的寓言式描绘,影射人类的现实生活,引起观众们对极权主义和社会体制的深刻反思。这部动画片到现在仍被列为动画史上的经典名作。
1963年哈拉斯夫妇制作了动画短片《2000自发疯狂症》(Automania 2000,1963),该片反映的是汽车工业给人类生存环境带来的不良后果,具有很强的讽刺性,该片也在1964年获第36届奥斯卡奖最佳动画短片奖提名。约翰·哈拉斯和乔伊·巴切勒夫妇一生中创作了大量各种形式的优秀动画片,为英国动画的发展起了不可替代的重要作用。约翰·哈拉斯个人不仅在动画导演、制作上发挥他的才华,甚至投身动画理论、评论、教学和经营ASIFA(国际动画协会)上,展现了他过人的能力,他的成就与贡献,确立了他在世界动画史上大师级的地位。
H. 动画的发展历程
1832年,比利时人约瑟夫·普拉托把画好的图片按照顺序放在一部机器的圆盘上,圆盘可以在机器的带动下转动。这部机器还有一个观察窗,用来观看活动图片效果。
在机器的带动下,圆盘低速旋转。圆盘上的图片也随着圆盘旋转,从观察窗看过去,图片似乎动了起来,形成动的画面,这就是原始动画的雏形。
1906年,美国人詹姆斯·斯图尔特·布莱克顿制作出一部接近现代动画概念的影片,片名叫《滑稽脸的幽默相》,该片被誉为是世界上第一部动画片。
1908年,法国人埃米尔·科尔首创用负片制作动画影片,所谓负片,是影象与实际色彩恰好相反的胶片,如同普通胶卷底片。采用负片制作动画,从概念上解决了影片载体的问题,为今后动画片的发展奠定了基础,同时科尔也被称作是“现代动画之父”。
1909年,美国人温瑟·麦凯用一万张图片表现了一段动画故事《恐龙葛蒂》,这是迄今为止世界上公认的第一部象样的动画短片。
1913年,美国人伊尔·赫德创造了新的动画制作工艺”赛璐璐片“,他先在塑料胶片上画动画片,然后再把画在塑料胶片上的一幅幅图片拍摄成动画电影。多少年来,这种动画制作工艺一直被沿用着。
(8)动画发展历史简单英语扩展阅读:
各国动画的特点
1、中国动画
中国动画始终致力于创作一条具有本国特色的道路, 坚持民族绘画传统,在改革开放以后,世界动画的大潮中也未放弃这一宗旨。动画片中洋溢着活泼清新的气息,给人以美的启迪。
2、日本动画
日本动画作品非常偏好超现实主义题材,常与日式漫画紧密联系。在科技发达的当下,日本仍然坚持这采用传统的手工绘制的方法,致力于研究动画叙事语言的研究。为提高工作效率,采用了只让说话者的口型发生变化的“口动作画法”。
3、美国动画
美国动画在世界动画史上占有重要的地位,引领着世界动画片的潮流和发展方向,一向注重高科技的应用与高质量的追求。以剧情片为主,多以大团圆结局,悲剧性的影片很少,特别注重细节的刻画,做到了雅俗共赏,适合绝大多数观众的审美口味。