昆山历史文化的英文版

㈠ 有没有人知道关于苏州历史及地理介绍的英文文章啊

History

Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture, is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. 2500 years ago, local tribes who named themselves "Gou Wu" in the late Shang Dynasty lived in the area which would become Suzhou.

In 514 BC, ring the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu (阖闾) of Wu established "Great City of Helu", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital. In 496 BC, Helu was buried in Huqiu (Tiger Hill 虎丘).

In 473 BC, Wu was defeated by Yue, another kingdom to the east that was soon annexed by Chu in 306 BC. The golden era of Suzhou was over.

By the time of Qin Dynasty, the city was known as Wu County. Xiang Yu (项羽) staged his historical uprising here in 209 BC, which contributed to the overthrow of Qin.

During Sui Dynasty, the city was renamed Suzhou in 589 AD.

When the Grand Canal was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route. In the course of the history of China, it has been a metropolis of instry and commerce in the south-eastern coast of China.

During Tang Dynasty (825 AD), the great poet Bai Juyi (白居易) constructed the Shantang Canal (called "Shantang Jie" or 山塘街) to connect the city with Huqiu for the tourists. In 1035 AD, the temple of Confucius was founded by the great poet and writer Fan Zhongyan (范仲淹). It became the venue for imperial civil examinations.

In February 1130, the advancing Jin army from the north sacked and massacred the city. This was followed by the Mongol invasion (1275) and destruction of the royal city (in the centre of the walled city) in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1367).

Afterwards, the city had a more prosperous time. Many of the famous private gardens were constructed by the gentry of the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the city was to see another disaster in 1860 when Taiping soldiers advanced on and captured the city. In November 1863 the Ever Victorious Army of Charles Gordon recaptured the city from the Taiping forces.

After this, the next crisis was the Japanese invasion (1937). Many gardens were devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on Zhuo-Zheng Yuan (Humble Administrator's Garden), Dong Yuan (East Garden), and others, to bring them back to life. Consequently, most of the existing gardens reflect the architectural style of the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911 AD), despite the fact that many of them date back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD).

In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Guilin) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage as well as natural scenery should be treated as a priority project.

Classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000.

Districts and satellite cities

Area: 8,488 km² (city proper: 1,650 km²)
Population: about 5.91 million (city proper: 2.17 million)
Suzhou has jurisdiction over (at county level):

districts: Canglang (沧浪), Jinchang (金阊), Pingjiang (平江), Suzhou Instrial Park(工业园区), Suzhou High & New Technology Development Zone(高新区), Xiangcheng (相城), Wuzhong (吴中)
County-level cities: Changshu (常熟), Taicang (太仓), Kunshan (昆山), Wujiang (吴江), Wuxian and Zhangjiagang (张家港)

Culture

Chinese opera: Kunqu originates in the Suzhou region, as does the much later Suzhou Opera. Ballad-singing, or Suzhou pingtan is a local form of storytelling that mixes singing (accompanied on the pipa) with portions in spoken dialect.
Silk
Handicrafts: Suzhou embroidery, fans, national musical instruments, scroll mounting, lanterns, mahogany furniture, jade carving, silk tapestry, traditional painting pigments of Jiangenxutang Studio, the New Year's wood-block prints of Taohuawu Studio.
Paintings
Calligraphic art
Cuisine: Yangcheng Lake huge crab
Suzhou Silk Hand Embroidery Art

㈡ 英语作文昆山介绍不少于70字

Kunshan is a satellite city in the greater Suzhou region that is administratively at the county-level in southeast Jiangsu, China, just outside Shanghai. It currently ranks as the most economically successful county-level administration in China. In 2008 the GDP totalled 150 billion yuan (US$22 billion), an increase of 15% from 2007. The GDP per capita reached 120,882 yuan (US$17,687).Kunshan is culturally significant as the origin of Kunshan diao, the melody which ultimately evolved into Kunqu, China's oldest[citation needed] extant theatre art. Kunshan is the birthplace of one of China's most well known ancient opera styles.It is known as the birthplace of Fei Junlong, Gong Xian, An Wang, and Soong Ching-ling.[citation needed]As of 2006 the city is locally known as "Little Taipei" e to the influx of businessmen from the Republic of China.It is also home to a Shimano factory and the iPod Touch factory, a division of Apple All new iPod Touches will be delivered from there. Also, factory of Avery Dennison specialty tapes, engineered films, pressure-sensitive, and other converted procts. Also, Toshiba, Dell, Fujitsu and Hewlett-Packard deliver their laptop series from a Compal factory in Kunshan.

㈢ 中国历史朝代简介（英文版）

一、秦朝

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

译文：秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

二、汉朝

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

译文：汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

三、晋朝

Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

译文：晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

四、隋朝

Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

译文：隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

译文：唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

(3)昆山历史文化的英文版扩展阅读：

中国历史（中国区域范围内的历史）

中国历史是指中国从中华文明产生到现在的历史。中国历史悠久，自黄帝部落的姬轩辕（也称公孙轩辕）时期算起约有5000年；从三皇五帝算起约有4600年；自夏朝算起约有近4100年；从中国第一次大统一的中央集权制的秦朝算起约有2240年。

中国历经多次政权演变和朝代更迭，也曾是世界上最强大的国家，经济、文化、科技世界瞩目。中国史前时期炎黄二帝被尊奉为中华民族的人文始祖。

约公元前2070年，中国最早的国家夏朝出现。东周推进了生产力发展和社会变革，思想上形成百家争鸣的局面。公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个统一的专制主义中央集权帝国—秦朝，西汉进一步巩固和发展了大一统的局面。

三国两晋南北朝时，中国陷入分裂割据局面，五胡乱华期间，异族融于中国趋势加强，诸多民族在分立政权的冲突中逐渐汇聚。隋唐时期，中央与边疆少数民族联系更为密切，经济繁荣、科技文化高度发展。

宋元时期，多元文化碰撞交融，经济、科技发展到新的高度。明朝鼎盛时期，社会经济高度发展，明末在江南地区出现资本主义萌芽。

19世纪中期，鸦片战争后中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。1911年辛亥革命，推翻了帝制，确立了共和政体。袁世凯死后，中国进入军阀割据混乱时期。

后经国民大革命，土地革命，抗日战争以及解放战争，终于在1949年成立中华人民共和国。又经1966年到1976年的文化大革命。1978年后中国开始实行改革开放政策，中国经济快速发展，2011年中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

㈣ 中西文化差异英文版

Mr. Yi Zhongtian was in the "culture of food on the table" in the interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures were subtle ideological core of Chinese culture is the "group consciousness" ideological core of Western culture is the "indivial consciousness." So even if the dinners Westerners, but also points the dish, the drink of the wine, so as not to impose our own will. Chinese culture is that the indivial will, to obey the common will of the group. Since the intended purpose favors with the intention of blood, its way of manners, naturally, is precious, so the Chinese people love dinner, hi total of food, about harmony. I believe that in a cross-cultural communication in the face of a strange culture, Yin Siwei, life habits and behaviors in different ways, and cultural exchanges ring the conflict will inevitably occur. The author from the following four aspects of Chinese and Western table manners were simple compared to the cross-cultural communication can be a proper, decent way to communicate.
First, cultural differences from the cutlery to use point of view
Chopsticks and knife and fork is the most basic differences between Chinese and Western table manners. Zhejiang University, Professor Yu Xiu Ling: East and West appear chopsticks and knife and fork eating the different tools and environment relationship. Bamboo chopsticks to have originated in the place. Northern China wood, bamboo from southern China, ancestors from local materials, bamboo and wood have become the most primitive materials chopsticks chopsticks. The emergence of a knife and fork than chopsticks much later. According to research by Professor Yu Xiu Ling, the original knife and fork and European origin living in ancient nomadic habits, they immediately carry knives of life, often cooked the meat, cut off to eat. About 15 centuries before and after the meal in order to improve posture, Europeans used the double-pointed cross. To the 18th century only the tip of a fork with four forks. Knife and fork and chopsticks, not only brought different eating habits, also affected the Eastern and Western concepts in life. Professor Yu Xiu Ling, eating into the system will inevitably bring a knife and fork, and chopsticks sitting around the table with family members must dine match. Beginning point of Western food, which derived from the West pay attention to independent, children grow up into the world after the independence of ideas and habits. The chopsticks brought together meals daily, highlighting the young and old sat together in the family unit, so that Asians have a relatively strong family values. When I reminded in the use of Chinese and Western dishes have different specifications. If not play with chopsticks when eating Chinese food (to them when the drumstick is a very rude way), but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or make gestures. Of course, absolutely can not suck or the chopsticks chopsticks inserted in the rice, which is taboo (which seems to funeral incense is considered unlucky.) When using the knife and fork there are some taboos. Such as holding a knife and fork when not meddling. To speak or talk, knife and fork on the plate should only decency. Avoid using their own utensils for others bowl. Do not bend over picking up utensils fall. Do not cut off a good meal procts, especially procts with a soup meal, to eat a piece-by-all and more.
Second, cultural differences from the point of seating arrangements
Western formal banquets are particular about the seating arrangements. Traditional Chinese dinner with square table. Door is on both sides of the partial blocks. Treat, the elderly, people with high status of the guest of honor sit or seat, men and women who sat down the owner or Peiqia Block, and the remaining customers in order to sit side seat. Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, then the guest of honor men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangements, that men and women interspersed arrangement, subject to seat the hostess, the guest of honor sitting in the top right of the hostess, Main Binfu the top right of man of the house to sit, pay attention to "ladies first" Western gentleman, will show the attentions of the ladies. In China, respect for the left and right for the times; on respect, under second; in respect, partial for the times. In the West, respect for the right, left for the times.
I particularly Western seat etiquette tips: The most graceful way is seated from the left seat. Do not put your elbows on the desktop, not Rocker foot. Can not withdraw in the middle of the meal (if things do need to leave should be whispered about greeting guests.) Dinner, sit up straight, back straight, neck elongation. Depend on the upper arm and back to back, abdomen, and a table for about a fist distance. Remember to head high with food, in the face of the food into the mouth, it is necessary to the food to the mouth to mouth opinions on the food rather than bent.
Third, cultural differences from the point of dining atmosphere
Trouble on the table of Chinese and Western food on the table is static and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and Western table manners. Table climate differences, the Chinese table action, the Western table static. Chinese food for life to matter to music, show and great, the atmosphere of excitement is often breathtaking. Chinese people get a table, then in full flight, with each other for food, drinks upon, enjoy, delicacies, delicious cuisine. Banquet this way in order to reflect the enthusiasm and sincerity the owner, the table reflects the excitement of patrons from the heart's delight. This "trouble" to some extent reflects the Chinese family from the warm, neighborhood harmony, unity and people's "Harmony." Westerners have a table to sit quietly dedicated to cutting their own dinner. Soup can not make noise, such as hot soup can be cooled before eating, do not blow through your mouth. Shut up when eating chewing. Do not lick their lips or smack sound. Guests can dine and talk about, but not only with a few acquaintances talk. If guests do not know about, they may first introce myself. Others can not take the mouth interrupted his speech. Keep the volume level of the other party can hear. Chewing of food do not speak, even if someone speak to you, have to wait to answer after swallowing
V. Conclusion
The world's cultures are equal. Culture, good or bad. Should avoid using their own culture, ethics and values as a standard to measure, judge and should adopt an objective and tolerant attitude towards foreign culture; the same time, but also to avoid blindly follow, imitate foreign culture, but should stick to their excellent cultural tradition

㈤ 英文“ 江苏省昆山市 ”怎么说

江苏省昆山市
Kunshan city, jiangsu province

㈥ 写一篇昆山变化的英文作文

VERV GOOD!

㈦ 英语的历史 英文版

Old English, until 1066
Immigrants from Denmark and NW Germany arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D., speaking in related dialects belonging to the Germanic and Teutonic branches of the Indo-European language family. Today, English is most closely related to Flemish, Dutch, and German, and is somewhat related to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish. Icelandic, unchanged for 1,000 years, is very close to Old English. Viking invasions, begun in the 8th Century, gave English a Norwegian and Danish influence which lasted until the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Old English Words

The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area in contemporary Germany. Their name "Angli" from the Latin and commonly-spoken, pre-5th Century German mutated into the Old English "Engle". Later, "Engle" changed to "Angel-cyn" meaning "Angle-race" by A.D. 1000, changing to "Engla-land". Some Old English words which have survived intact include: feet, geese, teeth, men, women, lice, and mice. The modern word "like" can be a noun, adjective, verb, and preposition. In Old English, though, the word was different for each type: gelica as a noun, geic as an adjective, lician as a verb, and gelice as a preposition.

Middle English, from 1066 until the 15th Century

The Norman Invasion and Conquest of Britain in 1066 and the resulting French Court of William the Conqueror gave the Norwegian-Dutch influenced English a Norman-Parisian-French effect. From 1066 until about 1400, Latin, French, and English were spoken. English almost disappeared entirely into obscurity ring this period by the French and Latin dominated court and government. However, in 1362, the Parliament opened with English as the language of choice, and the language was saved from extinction. Present-day English is approximately 50% Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and 50% Romance (French and Latin).

Middle English Words

Many new words added to Middle English ring this period came from Norman French, Parisian French, and Scandinavian. Norman French words imported into Middle English include: catch, wage, warden, reward, and warrant. Parisian French gave Middle English: chase, guarantee, regard, guardian, and gage. Scandinavian gave to Middle English the important word of law. English nobility had titles which were derived from both Middle English and French. French provided: prince, ke, peer, marquis, viscount, and baron. Middle English independently developed king, queen, lord, lady, and earl. Governmental administrative divisions from French include county, city, village, justice, palace, mansion, and residence. Middle English words include town, home, house, and hall.

Early Modern English, from the 15th Century to the 17th Century

During this period, English became more organized and began to resemble the modern version of English. Although the word order and sentence construction was still slightly different, Early Modern English was at least recognizable to the Early Modern English speaker. For example, the Old English "To us pleases sailing" became "We like sailing." Classical elements, from Greek and Latin, profoundly influenced work creation and origin. From Greek, Early Modern English received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Also, the "tele-" prefix meaning "far" later used to develop telephone and television was taken.

Modern English, from the 17th Century to Modern Times

Modern English developed through the efforts of literary and political writings, where literacy was uniformly found. Modern English was heavily influenced by classical usage, the emergence of the university-ecated class, Shakespeare, the common language found in the East Midlands.