瓷器的历史意义英文

⑴ 求一篇关于介绍陶瓷的英文文章！！！！！

"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。
陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Instry)的范畴。

陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin
早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。
所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。

随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。

迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。

陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。

陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.

The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.

With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.

To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.

Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.

A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.

⑵ 中国在英文是China，瓷器的英文是china，瓷器与中国的联系何在呢

中国的瓷器以历史悠久、造型优美、质地精良、装饰俏丽新颖而享誉海内外。瓷器与中国的联系是那样的紧密，以至英文CHINA一词，就有“中国”和“瓷器”的双重意义。

另据《英汉词海 The English-Chinese Word-Ocean Dictionary》（王同亿主编译，国防工业出版社，1987年）China词条介绍，China做为瓷器的涵义，是源于波斯语chini（中国的或中国人），由于受到China表示中国这种表示法的影响，产生了元音音变，由chini变为china，成为瓷器的专有名词。

至于这种变化最终在何时最后确定下来尚不得而知，但可以肯定的是，正是基于中国古代陶瓷的辉煌成就，以及由此而引发的陶瓷传播之路，使得这种独具中国特色的物品被世界人民所喜爱，将中国与瓷器永远地结合在了一起。

⑶ 为什么瓷器的英文是china

china的意思是“瓷器”,指瓷器、瓷盘、瓷碗的总称或瓷料。a piece of china表示“一件瓷器”, a set of china表示“一套瓷器”。

词汇分析

音标：英 [ˈtʃaɪnə] 美 [ˈtʃaɪnə]

释义：瓷器;瓷餐具;杯、盘、碟等的总称;陶器；

拓展资料

1、China's instry is developing at an unprecedented rate.

中国工业正以空前的速度发展。

2、We set sail from China for Japan.

我们从中国启航驶往日本。

3、The people of New China all have a say in the affairs of their state.

新中国的人民对国家大事都有发言权。

4、Mr Li said China's reforms had brought vitality to its economy.

李先生说中国的改革给其经济注入了活力。

5、China borders on India in the southwest.

中国的西南与印度相邻。

⑷ 关于中国瓷器的英文文章,要通俗易懂，字不用太多。谢谢！

A Chinese porcelain-ware displaying battles between dragons, Kangxi era (1662-1722), Qing Dynasty.
Fonthill vase is the earliest Chinese porcelain object to have reached Europe. It was a Chinese gift for Louis the Great of Hungary in 1338.Porcelain is generally believed to have originated in China. Although proto-porcelain wares exist dating from the Shang Dynasty about 1600 BCE, by the Eastern Han Dynasty (100-200 BCE) high firing glazed ceramic wares had developed into porcelain, and porcelain manufactured ring the Tang Dynasty period (618–906) was exported to the Islamic world, where it was highly prized.[4] Early porcelain of this type includes the tri-color glazed porcelain, or sancai wares. Historian S.A.M. Adshead writes that true porcelain items in the restrictive sense that we know them today could be found in dynasties after the Tang,[5] ring the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties.

By the Sui (about 580 AD) and Tang (about 620 AD) dynasties, porcelain had become widely proced. Eventually, porcelain and the expertise required to create it began to spread into other areas; by the seventeenth century, it was being exported to Europe.

Korean and Japanese porcelain also have long histories and distinct artistic traditions 译文：中国-ware显示之间的战斗龙，康熙时代（1662—1722），清朝。

希尔花瓶是中国最早的瓷器对象已达到欧洲。它是一个礼物，路易斯大帝的匈牙利1338。瓷一般认为起源于中国。虽然原始瓷器制品存在可从商朝大约公元前1600年，东汉（公元前100 - 200）高发射陶瓷釉陶器发展成瓷，瓷制造，在唐代时期（618–906）出口到伊斯兰世界，它是非常珍贵的。[ 4]早期瓷器这种类型包括三色釉瓷器，或三彩陶器。历史学家萨姆阿什德写道，真正的瓷器在限制性意义，我们知道他们今天可以找到王朝唐朝之后，[ 5]在宋，元，明，清。

由隋（约580年）、唐（公元620年）时期，瓷器已成为广泛生产。最终，瓷器和所需的专门知识创造它开始蔓延到其他地区；在第十七世纪，它被出口到欧洲。

韩国和日本的瓷器也有悠久的历史和独特的艺术传统

⑸ 中国为什么在英文中是China因瓷器出名只是其一方面原因。

历史解密：为什么中国被称为CHINA？

中国的瓷器以历史悠久、造型优美、质地精良版、装饰俏丽权新颖而享誉海内外。瓷器与中国的联系是那样的紧密，以至英文CHINA一词，就有“中国”和“瓷器”的双重意义。

在我们进一步了解英文“CHINA”一词的双重涵义之前，先来简略叙述一下瓷器的起源及在中国的发展。

中国瓷器的产生和发展

瓷器的前身是原始青瓷，它是由陶器向瓷器过渡阶段的产物。中国最早的原始青瓷，发现于山西夏县东下冯龙山文化遗址中，距今约4200年。器类有罐和钵。原始青瓷在中国分布较广，黄河领域、长江中下游及南方地区都有发现。

中国真正的瓷器出现是在东汉时期（公元23－220年）。首先是在南方地区的浙江省开始出现的。浙江绍兴上虞县上浦小仙坛发现东汉晚期瓷窑址和青瓷等。瓷片质地细腻，釉面有光泽，胎釉结合紧密牢固。从显微照相可见，青瓷残片釉下已无残留石英。这种釉无论在外貌上，或是显微结构上，都已摆脱了原始青瓷的原始性。已符合真正的瓷器标准了。

东汉之后的三国两晋媳背

⑹ 中国、陶瓷为何英文名称都为“China”

陶瓷最初的称呼是“Chinaware”，直译：中国瓦。陶瓷产品，古称瓦器（古时凡以土烧制成的陶土器皿，皆可称“瓦”）。China放在ware之前，可知China初无瓷器一义；后来省略ware，小写其字头，简称瓷器为china；获得瓷器之义，已经是晚清的事了。

“China”一词的出现，不晚于辽金宋、不早于先秦；大致出现在隋唐时期。学界基本认定其作为瓷器的双关含义远远晚于“China”作为中国的本意，所以China最初的意思就是指中国。

(6)瓷器的历史意义英文扩展阅读：

瓷器初入欧洲，法国人用当时社会流行的小说《牧羊女爱丝坦莱》中的男主人公赛拉同（Celadon）来称呼青瓷。法王路易十四命令首相马扎兰创办中国公司，到广东订造标有法国甲胄纹章的瓷器，凡尔赛宫内列有专室收藏中国陶瓷。

而十七世纪的英国人直接用“中国货”（Chinaware）指称来自中国的瓷器。英国女王玛丽二世也醉心华瓷，在宫内专门设置许多玻璃橱以陈列各式瓷器。于是英国社会以华瓷装饰和日用的风气便流行起来，瓷器渐成客厅和内室必不可少的陈设。

另据《英汉词海 The English-Chinese Word-Ocean Dictionary》（王同亿主编译，国防工业出版社，1987年）China词条介绍，China做为瓷器的涵义，是源于波斯语chini（中国的或中国人），由于受到China表示中国这种表示法的影响，产生了元音音变，由chini变为china，成为瓷器的专有名词。

⑺ 求一篇关于陶瓷的英语小报

陶器的发明是人类文明的重要进程－－是人类第一次利用天然物，按照自己的意志创造出来的一种崭新的东西。从河北省阳原县泥河湾地区发现的旧石器时代晚期的陶片来看，在中国陶器的产生距今已有11700多年的悠久历史。
陶器是用泥巴（粘土）成型晾干后，用火烧出来的，是泥与火的结晶。我们的祖先对粘土的认识是由来已久的，早在原始社会的生活中，祖先们是处处离不开粘土，他们发现被水浸湿后的粘土有粘性和可塑性，晒干后变得坚硬起来。对于火的利用和认识历史也是非常远久的，大约在205万年至70万年前的元谋人时代，就开始用火了。先民们在漫长的原始生活中，发现晒干的泥巴被火烧之后，变得更加结实、坚硬，而且可以防水，于是陶器就随之而产生了。陶器的发明，它揭开了人类利用自然、改造自然、与自然做斗争的新的一页，具有重大的历史意义，是人类生产发展史上的一个里程碑。
从目前所知的考古材料来看，陶器中的精品有旧石器时代晚期距今1万多年的灰陶、有8000多年前的磁山文化的红陶、有7000多年的仰韶文化的彩陶、有6000多年的大汶口的“蛋壳黑陶”、有4000多年的商代白陶、有3000多年的西周硬陶，还有秦代的兵马俑、汉代的釉陶、唐代的唐三彩等。到了宋代，瓷器的生产迅猛发展，制陶业趋于没落，但是有些特殊的陶器品种仍然具有独特的魅力，如宋、辽三彩器和明、清至今的紫砂壶、琉璃、法花器及广东石湾的陶塑等，都是别具一格，倍受赞赏。
但是陶器始终是文明初级阶段的低级产品，它本身存在的缺陷注定了它逐渐被历史淘汰的命运。
瓷器是中国古代的一项伟大发明，在漫长的历史岁月中，勤劳智慧的中国先民们点土成金，写下光辉灿烂的篇章，为人类文明作出了巨大的贡献。亨有盛誉的中华古瓷，已成为世界各大博物馆里的明珠，也将越来越广泛地成为中国和世界各地的专家学者的研究对象，并受到广大收藏家和陶瓷爱好者的珍重。
中国瓷器的发明和发展，是有着从低级到高级，从原始到成熟逐步发展的过程。早在3000多年前的商代，我国已出现了原始青瓷，再经过1000多年的发展，到东汉时期终于摆脱了原始瓷器状态，烧制出成熟的青瓷器，这是我国陶瓷发展史上的一个重要里程碑。
经过三国、两晋、南北朝和隋代共330多年的发展，到了唐朝中国政治稳定、经济繁荣。社会的进步促进了制瓷业的发展，如北方邢窑白瓷“类银类雪”，南方越窑青瓷“类玉类冰”。形成“北白南青”的两大窑系。同时唐代还烧制出雪花釉、纹胎釉和釉下彩瓷及贴花装饰等品种。
宋代是我国瓷器空前发展的时期，出现了百花齐放，百花争艳的局面，瓷窑遍及南北各地，名窑迭出，品类繁多，除青、白两大瓷系外，黑釉、青白釉和彩绘瓷纷纷兴起。举世闻名的汝、官、哥、定、钧五大名窑的产品为世所珍。还有耀州窑、湖田窑、龙泉窑、建窑、吉州窑、磁州窑等产品也是风格独特，各领风骚，呈现出欣欣向荣的好局面，是我国陶瓷发展史上的第一个高峰。
元代在景德镇设“浮梁瓷局”统理窑务，发明了瓷石加高岭土的二元配方，烧制出大型瓷器，并成功地烧制出典型的元青花和釉里红及枢府瓷等，尤其是元青花烧制成功，在中国陶瓷史上具有划时代的意义。宋、金时战乱后遗留下来的南北各地的主要瓷窑仍然继续生产，其中龙泉窑比宋时更加扩大，其中梅子青瓷是元代龙泉窑的上乘之作。还有“金丝铁线”的元哥瓷，应是仿宋官窑器之产物，也是旷世希珍。
明代从洪武35年开始在景德镇设立“御窑厂”，200多年来烧制出许许多多的高、精、尖产品，如永宣的青花和铜红釉、成化的斗彩、万历五彩等都是希世珍品。御窑厂的存在也带动了民窑的进一步发展。景德镇的青花、白瓷、彩瓷、单色釉等品种，繁花似锦，五彩缤纷，成为全国的制瓷中心。还有福建的德化白瓷产品都十分精美。
清朝康、雍、乾三代瓷器的发展臻于鼎盛，达到了历史上的最高水平，是中国陶瓷发展史上的第二个高峰。景德镇瓷业盛况空前，保持中国瓷都的地位。康熙时不但恢复了明代永乐，宣德朝以来所有精品的特色，还创烧了很多新的品种，并烧制出色泽鲜明翠硕、浓淡相间，层次分明的青花。郎窑还恢复了失传200多年的高温铜红釉的烧制技术，郎窑红、缸豆红独步一时。还有天兰、洒兰、豆青、娇黄、仿定、孔雀绿、紫金釉等都是成功之作，另外康熙时创烧的珐琅彩瓷也闻名于世。
The invention of the pottery is mankind the important progress －－ of the civilization be the first time mankind made use of a natural thing and came out according to own will creation of a kind of brand-new of thing.The pottery slice in old stone age later period discovered from the original county mire river gulf region of sun in Hebei to see, be apart from in the creation of pottery in China have already had the long history for more than 11700 years now.
The pottery after ising with the mud(glue soil) model to dry in the air burns out with the fire of, is the crystallize of mire and fire.Our ancestries are already a long time to the understanding which glues soil, in the life of as early as primitive society, the ancestries are in everywhere to can not get away from to glue soil, their detection is wet behind by water of glue soil have already glued sex and plasticity, become strong and tough after dry in the sun.To exploitation and understanding history of fire also very far long of, about by 205-70 ten thousand yearses of the dollar strive for person's ages, started use fire.First in the endless original life, the peoples discover the mud of airing to be after fire burn become to fructify more, strong and tough, and can be waterproof, hence pottery immediately but proce.Pottery of invention, it uncovered mankind to make use of nature, reformation nature, with nature do to struggle of new of one page, have important history meaning, is mankind proce to develop a milestone on the history.
From currently the cist material know to see, the exquisite article in the pottery has an old stone age later period to be apart from now the ash pottery for more than 10,000 years and has the Ci mountain of more than 8000 year agos the red pottery of the culture, has the Yang Shao of more than 7000 years the colourful pottery of the culture and has more than 6000 years of big Wen of"the eggshell black pottery", have the company of more than 4000 years generation a white pottery and have the west of more than 3000 years a hard pottery for week, there are also Tang's three colourful etc.s of the enamel pottery, Tang Dynasty of the terra cotta warrior, Han Dynasty in Qin Dynasty.Went to Sung generation, the fast fierce development of the proce of china, make a pottery instry to tend in decline, but some special pottery specieses still keep having special magic power, such as Sung, Liao 3, method flower machine and stone gulf in Guangdong of pottery Su etc., all have an unique style, doubly be subjected to applause.
But the pottery is always a civilization entry-level the low class proct of the stage, it of existent blemish's destining it is eliminate by the history graally of destiny.
The china is a great invention in Chinese ancient times, in the endless history years, hard-working wise China first the peoples order soil to become a gold, write down splendid literary piece and the behavior civilization made huge contribution.The Heng has the China ancient porcelain of great reputation, have become each bright pearl in the big museum in the world, also will more and more and broadly become China and the expert scholar's research object of world-wide locations, and be subjected to take good care of large collector and porcelain and ceramics fancier.
Invention and development of Chinese china, is have to arrive from the low class high class, arrive maturity to graally develop from the originality of process.As early as company's generation of more than 3000 year agos, the our country has already appeared original green porcelain, again through the development for more than 1000 years, arrive east Han period finally got away from original china appearance, burn to make the green china of the maturity, this is our country porcelain and ceramics development an important milestone on the history.
Through the Three Kingdoms, two Jin, South and North Dynasty and development of Sui generation total more than 330 years, arrived the tang dynasty Chinese political stability, economy to prosper.The social progress promoted to make the development of porcelain instry, such as northern Xing kiln white porcelain"type silver snow", south more the kiln green porcelain"type jade ice".The two greatest kilns of the formation"north white south green" fasten.The Tang Dynasty still burns to make a snowflake enamel, the line foetus enamel and enamel to snow specieses, such as colourful porcelain and applique adornment...etc. in the meantime.
Sung generation period which is the unprecedented development of the our country china, appeared to let a hundred flowers blossom, the all flowers contended for gorgeous situation, kiln all over the south be north everyplace, kiln Die, category numerous, the green and white two greatest porcelainses fasten, besides which, black enamel, green white enamel with color porcelain to rise in succession.The Ru, officer, elder brother of world famous, settle, Jun the proct of five name kilns is a life time Jean.Still have already show off state kiln, farms in lake area kiln, Lung-chuan kiln, set up procts, such as kiln, Ji state kiln and Ci state kiln...etc. is also that the style is special, each get coquettish, present the good situation of a thriving, is an our country porcelain and ceramics to develop the first high peak on the history.
The dollar generation establishes "float beam porcelain a bureau" all reason kiln a ty in the view virtuous town and invented a porcelain stone to add Gao Ling3 Tu3 of two first wife square, burn to make a large china, and successfully burn to make a dollar of typical model green flower and enamel in red and Shu mansion porcelain the etc. be particularly a dollar green flower to burn to make into achievement, have epoch-making meaning on the Chinese porcelain and ceramics history.Sung, gold war disorderly behind loose to stay of south north everyplace of the main kiln still keeps continuing to proce, among them kiln in Lung-chuan ratio Sung extend more, among them, the plum green porcelain be a dollar generation Lung-chuan kiln of best make.Still having the dollar of"gold silk wire" elder brother's porcelain in response to being to from Song Dynasty stlye an officer the outcome of the kiln machine is stillalso a Kuang a life time rare Jean.
The Ming Dynasty starts from the Hong for martial 35 years in the view virtuous town establishing "resist kiln factory", more than 200 in the last yearses burn to make a Gao, Jing with much more, sharp proct, such as always declare of green flower and the copper red enamel, become turn of the Dou be colourful, ten thousand Li multicolored etc. hopes a life time delicacy.The existence which resists kiln factory also aroused the further development of people's kiln.The green flower, white porcelain, colourful porcelain, monochrome enamel of the view virtuous town etc. the species, blooming flowers, a riot of colour, become porcelain center in the make of whole country.Still have Fukien of virtuous turn a white porcelain proct all very elegant.
Manchu Dynasty Kang, Yong, Gan three developments of chinas become vigorous, come to a the historical and tallest level, is a Chinese porcelain and ceramics development the second high peak on the history.The view virtuous porcelain instry an exceptionally grand occasion in the town, keep Chinese porcelains all of position.Kangxi not only recovered Ming Dynasty Yung-loh, declare a virtuous dynasty the special features of all exquisite articles, also created to burn a lot of new specieses, and burn to make a color and luster fresh and clear Cui large and thick thin and alternate, the layer clear green flower.The Lang kiln still recovered the burn of the heat copper red enamel for lost more than 200 years to make a technique, the Lang kiln was red, urn the bean be at that time red to only tread.Still have a day, orchid, spread an orchid, bean green, Jiao Huang, imitate to settle, the peacock green and purple gold enamel etc. be all successful to make, another Kangxi create to burn of the enamel colourful porcelain also rises in the world.

⑻ 关于陶瓷发展以及陶瓷怎样传入国外得英语作文

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.
The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.
With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.
To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.
Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.
A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.

翻译
"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别.中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家.
陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明.中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域.其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值.马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年.黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶.近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值.秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地.此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究.
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称.陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品.它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品.由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围.对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Instry)的范畴.
陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点.英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡".changaiyin
早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器.中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇.
所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种.考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器.原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求.人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器.
随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种.它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺.美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称.因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了.
迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石.表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成.
陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的.
陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别.因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法.

⑼ 陶瓷在中国发展史上的意义是什么在教育中能起到什么作用

早在新石器时代晚期,我国的陶技术已经发展到很高的水平,能够制造出非常精美的"彩陶".因而,这个时期的文化,被称之为"彩陶文化".到了商代,陶瓷工艺分灰陶,白陶,釉陶等多种.这时期由于烧陶技术的提高,利用还原焰烧成,陶胎较硬,经久耐用.其中白陶是商代陶工艺中的一种特殊产品,这是用高岭土作成.釉陶的釉色也是中国瓷器的萌芽.西周时期的陶瓷工艺,在商代的基础上有重大发展,已发现原始瓷器烧成温度达1200度左右.春秋战国的陶瓷,比西周时期更为发展,已出现官方经营和私家生产.到了汉代,陶瓷工艺有了进一步提高,并有所创新,各类陶瓷已取代了一部分铜器和漆器的地位.说明了我国至汉代已完成了从制陶发展为制瓷的过渡,成为世界上首创瓷器的国家.唐代的瓷器主要有青瓷,白瓷,花瓷和唐三彩几类.唐三彩是这一期时出现的一朵奇异的陶瓷之花,因为它经常用黄,绿.褐等色釉,在器皿上构成花朵,斑点或几何纹等各种色彩斑斓的色釉装饰,所以称为三彩,这是一种底温铅釉的彩釉陶器.到了宋代,陶瓷是工艺美术中最为杰出的一个品种,是我国古代作瓷发展的一个鼎盛时期,故称宋代是"瓷器的时期"简称"宋瓷".当是比较著名的还有五大窑:河南的钧窑,官窑,汝窑和河北的定窑,浙江的哥窑.真宗景德年间,在江西所制进贡瓷器,底书"景德年作"四字,这就是后来居上,驰名中外的景德镇瓷器.在当时已是对外贸易的主要货物之一,远销到日本,高丽,南洋诸国,印度以及阿拉伯,叙利亚,埃及与欧洲诸国.到明代是紫砂壶创作的极盛时期,江苏宜兴的紫砂壶开始出名.清代陶瓷,继承明代的传统,以景德镇为烧作中心,清瓷的瓷色白而泛青,产生更为和谐的艺术效果,成为清代瓷器的主要品种.近年以来,我国陶瓷的生产技术正在飞跃发展,科学技术的应用已根本改变了以前全靠手工操作的落后面貌,使瓷质洁白度和光洁度大大提高,花色品种不断增加. 由于我国陶瓷在国际上享有崇高的荣誉,无不受到国内外广大爱好者的欢迎!

⑽ 陶瓷的英语介绍

"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。
陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Instry)的范畴。

陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。
早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。
所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。

随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。

迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。

陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。

陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.

The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery."
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.

With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.

To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.

Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.

A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.