A. 歷史知識英文怎麼說 history knowledge
knowledge of history
B. 去年我學到了很多關於中國歷史的知識翻譯成英語
Last year I learned a lot of knowledge of Chinese history
C. 學到歷史知識英文
learn about
D. 歷史 英文
回顧世紀歷史學作為一門學科建立初始，就曾經出現對該學科定位上的論爭。一方主張仿照自然科學的範式來構建歷史學，他們宣稱：「歷史學，一門不折不扣的科學」；而另一方則主張按文學藝術等人文學科的範式來構建歷史學，他們聲稱：「克萊奧，一位繆斯」，意指歷史之神是藝術之神，同科學無緣。此後，就歷史學能否作為科學加以建構這個根本性問題，就一直縈繞在歷史學研究者的心中，不管是否明確地表達，每個歷史研究者都有對歷史學定位的認識，並按照這種認識來進行具體的歷史研究。歷史哲學研究者還專門就歷史學的科學性問題展開討論。最初的歷史哲學集中於對歷史發展過程本身、亦即歷史本體進行思考，力求揭示歷史的發展規律。這一派歷史哲學研究後來被稱為思辯的歷史哲學，黑格爾、施本格勒、湯因比等是其代表。但他們所說的歷史發展規律，不外乎歸因於上帝或絕對精神之類的超驗意志，或者類比生物或人體的生長、成熟、死亡的必然性，這種宿命式的規律觀，自然缺少可信性。於是歷史哲學研究轉向了歷史認識是如何可能的認識論問題上，即通過考察歷史研究者是如何研究歷史、歷史知識又是如何形成的來確定歷史學的性質，給歷史學以定位。這一派歷史哲學被稱為分析或批判的歷史哲學，克羅齊、柯林武德等是其代表。他們認為，歷史研究充滿了研究者的主體性干預，從課題的選擇到研究資料的取捨、再到歷史敘事的編排、歷史解釋的構建、直到歷史現象的價值評判，都脫離不開歷史研究者的主體性干預。在他們的認識里，研究者主體保持價值中立是不可能做到的。因此，歷史學的科學性受到更進一步的質疑。但是，一些致力於維護歷史學科學地位的學者也在做著不懈的努力。像二戰後以法國年鑒學派和美國新經濟史學派為代表的新史學就是在努力將歷史學作為科學來加以建構的。前者嘗試通過整合各門社會科學研究方法來建構「總體史」，以求揭示長時段的深層歷史結構，並依此而賦予歷史學的科學地位以合法性；後者則嘗試吸納經濟學的計量方法研究歷史上的一些可計量現象，並依據向社會科學中最具科學外觀的學科的看齊來賦予歷史學的科學地位以合法性。但由於年鑒學派在整合跨學科方法上的失敗而重新走向各學科方法的分立的「碎化」和新經濟史學派濫用數學計量工具，最終未能取得令人滿意的進展。這些在歷史學科學性問題上的反復爭論，反映出歷史學不同於其他社會科學的特殊性，其根本性的症結就在於歷史學研究對象的特殊性，它研究的是往昔舊事，既不能重現、又無法貼近觀察，更無法反復實驗與檢驗。這種研究對象的特殊性，顯然無法沿用自然科學流行的實證主義的評價標准來確認它的科學性。實證主義的科學評價標准就是通過反復證實來確認研究發現和解釋的科學真理性，在這一點上，以現實為研究對象的經濟學和社會學都相比歷史學有一定的優勢，它們也被稱為社會科學中最「硬」的、也就是最類似於自然科學的學科。
Recalling the 19th-century history as a discipline to establish the initial on the location of the discipline have appeared on the controversy. One party is modeled on the paradigm of natural sciences to build a history, they declared: "History, an out-of science"; while the other is expounded by the literature and the humanities and arts paradigm to build a history, they claim: "Clio, a Muse," meaning of history that God is the god of the arts, with science and missed. Since then, the history of science to be able to build this as a fundamental issue has been lingering in the minds of researchers of history, whether or not clearly expressed,
Every historical researcher has a right understanding of historical location and in accordance with this understanding to carry out a specific historical research. Philosophy of history researchers also specifically on the history of science issues to discuss. The initial philosophy of history concentrated on the historical development process itself, which is to reflect on the history ontology, and strive to reveal the laws of historical development. This school of historical studies in philosophy came to be known as the speculative philosophy of history, Hegel, Spengler, Toynbee and others are their representatives. But they say the laws of historical development, nothing more than e to the spirit of God, or the like is absolutely transcendent will, or the analogy of biological or human growth, into a
Cooked, the inevitability of death, this type of fatalistic view of the law, natural lack of credibility. Historical studies in philosophy then turned to the historical understanding of how the possible epistemological issue, that is by looking at historical researcher is how to study history, historical knowledge is formed to determine how the nature of history, giving history to locate. This school of philosophy of history is known as analysis or criticism of the history of philosophy, Croce, Collingwood and others are their representatives. In their view, full of historical research, the main intervention researchers, from the choice of topics to research information on trade-offs, to the historical narrative of the schele, the historical interpretation of the building, until the
Judge the value of historical phenomena, are inseparable from the history off the main researcher intervention. In their understanding, the researchers maintain the value of the main neutral is impossible. Therefore, the history of science being further questioned. However, some committed to maintaining the scientific status of history scholars are making unremitting efforts. Like the Second World War the French Annales School and the United States were represented by the new economic historians of the New History is history in the effort to be constructed as a science. The former try to pass the entire
All the various social science research methods to construct "general history" in order to reveal the long run, the deep historical structures, and so the history of science to give legitimacy to the status; the latter is trying to absorb the history of economics measurement method Some can be measured on the phenomenon and the social sciences based on the appearance of most scientific disciplinesLine to give historical legitimacy to the scientific status. However, as the Annales school on an interdisciplinary approach in the integration of the failure of re-separation of methods of various disciplines into a "fragmentation" and the new economic historians were abused mathematical measurement tools, ultimately failed to achieve satisfactory progress. These history repeatedly on the issue of scientific debate, reflecting the history is different from other social sciences are unique, its fundamental crux of the problem lies in the particularity of the object of historical studies, it is the study of old things past, we can not re - now, and could not close observation, let alone repeated experiments and tests. The particularity of this study,
Obviously can not follow the popular positivist natural science evaluation criteria to make sure it's scientific. Positivist scientific evaluation criterion is confirmed by repeated to confirm findings and interpretation of scientific truth, at this point, to be realistic for the study of economics and sociology are compared to the historical study has some advantages, they are also known as the social sciences, the most "hard", that is most similar to the natural science subjects.
E. 我們通過這本書可以學到關於中國歷史的知識英文
We can learn about the Chinese history through the book.
F. 中國歷史事件英文翻譯
The ocean ty exercises
E 戌 political reform
Cultural Revolution
Wang, Anne,'s stone political reform
洋務運動
戊戌變法
文化回大革命答
王安石變法
G. 歷史知識英文怎麼說history knowledge
歷史知識
Historical knowledge
歷史知識
Historical knowledge
H. 了解到許多關於中國歷史的知識（翻譯成英文）
I have learned lot about Chinese history.
I. 去年我學到了很多關於中國歷史的知識 的英文 去年我學到了很多關於中國歷史的知識 的英文
I learned a lot of chinese history knowledge last year.