中國的英語歷史是什麼

1. 英語在中國的歷史

中國大陸情況
中國的基本教育（小學至高中）階段，特別是中學階段，外語以英語作為必修課專的超過90％。中屬國自1980年代末期至1990年代初期開始，在全日制普通大學推行英語等級考試，作為對選擇英語作為第一外語必修課課程的達標要求。
中國大陸從1949年至在1960年代中期，因與蘇聯的關系極為密切，外語主要以俄語為第一外語，從1960年代中期以後，選擇英語作為第一外語，1978年特別是1983年以後，英語(外語)是在高等學校升學考試中，和其他科目一樣同等對待。以此為導向，中國的中學課程，特別是初中教育基本上全部以英語作為外語教學課程的必修課，高中課程超過90％英語作為必修課；除非英語外語專業，在全日制普通大學，一般以英語作為必修課，其他外語作為選修課。
由於高考英語的地位很高，大學四六級與學位掛鉤，近年來各界出現非常多的批評聲音，指責中國教育過分強調英語的地位，忽視中文素質的培養，很多學生花費大量時間在英語上，影響了自己專業的學習，中文文化處於受歧視的地位。然而另一方，因為英語的准「世界語」地位，如果沒有大量熟悉英語的人才，在全球化的進程中會產生負面影響

2. 中國的歷史用英語有哪些

the history of China

3. 英語在中國的歷史

英國人很早就通過義大利，西班牙和葡萄牙購得中國的絲綢，瓷器,茶等商品. 中國商品有內很大的需求，以往的利容潤被地中海和中亞國家壟斷盤剝.
地圓學說激發了哥倫布向西航行到中國的慾望,但他只到了美洲.後來英國海上霸權超過了葡萄牙西班牙荷蘭,於1600年在印度建立東印度公司,以此為大本營與中國和其它亞洲國家交往.
英語是在商務和傳教士的交往中逐步傳到中國,大量頻繁的交流出現於門戶開放的洋務運動之後。

4. 用英語介紹中國歷史

中國歷史，從夏朝算起，有近4100年歷史；從中國第一個統一的朝代秦朝算起，約有2241年。

The history of China is nearly 4100 years from the Xia Dynasty and 2241 years from the Qin Dynasty, the first unified dynasty in China.

史前時期的有巢氏 、燧人氏 、伏羲氏 、神農氏(炎帝) 、黃帝(軒轅氏) 被尊為中華人文始祖 。約公元前2070年，夏朝出現；商朝時出現了已知中國最早的成熟文字—甲骨文；西周時社會進一步發展，春秋戰國時生產力提高，思想百家爭鳴。

In prehistoric times, Youchao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong (Yandi) and Huangdi (Xuanyuan) were regarded as the ancestors of Chinese culture. In 2070 BC, Xia Dynasty appeared; in Shang Dynasty, oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest mature writing in China,

appeared; in Western Zhou Dynasty, society developed further, proctivity increased in spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and a hundred schools of thought contend.

公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中國歷史上第一個中央集權封建國家—秦朝；西漢與東漢時進一步鞏固和發展了大一統的局面，漢字基本定型。三國兩晉南北朝時期，中國進入分裂割據局面。

In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang established the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history Qin Dynasty; the western and Eastern Han Dynasties further consolidated and developed the situation of great unification, and the Chinese characters were basically shaped.

During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the southern and Northern Dynasties, China entered a situation of separatist regime.

隋唐五代時期，經濟繁榮、科技發展，文化影響廣泛。武周時期，因「大周萬國頌德天樞」的營建而使國際地位達到頂峰。遼宋夏金元時期，多元文化交融，經濟、科技發展到新的高度。明朝時，經濟取得發展，明末江南地區出現「資本主義萌芽」；清朝前期奠定了中國今天的疆域。

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, economic prosperity, scientific and Technological Development and cultural influence were widespread. During the Wuzhou period, the international status reached its peak because of the construction of "the great Zhou Wanguo praises the virtue of Tianshu".

In the period of Liao, song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, multi-cultural integration, economy, science and technology developed to a new height. In the Ming Dynasty, the economy developed, and "capitalist sprouts" appeared in Jiangnan area in the late Ming Dynasty; in the early Qing Dynasty, China's territory today was established.

(4)中國的英語歷史是什麼擴展閱讀

根據歷史文獻和考古物證，可將中國歷史（炎黃文明）劃分為十個紀：

炎黃、虞夏、商周、齊楚、秦漢；

魏晉、隋唐、宋元、明清、共和。

一、炎黃紀：以仰韶文化為代表，約兩千四百年（公元前五十至前二十六世紀）。以農業社會、母系社會末期、銅石並用時代、父系社會初期為准。炎黃紀已經出現私有制、商業、戰爭、奴隸。

二、虞夏紀：以龍山文化、齊家文化為代表，約一千年（公元前二十六至前十六世紀）。二里頭文化兜底：以青銅器時代初期、雙輪車、城市、文字等古文明標志為准。傳說時代的顓頊、帝嚳、堯、舜、禹或可研究納入本時代故事集。

三、商周紀：青銅器時代中期，分封制中期，以殷墟、甲骨文為典型代表。成湯滅夏、武王伐紂、國人暴動為本時代三部曲。約八百年。

5. 英語中中國歷史是什麼

the history of China
而Chinese History本身含有歧義……另外，為表尊重，我們一般用教正式的用法「of」來表示屬格

6. 英語在中國發展的歷史

一、19世紀中葉英語開始在中國社會出現

19世紀中葉，隨著航海的內發展和地理大發容現時期的到來，西方英語國家也開始逐步進入中國社會，隨之而來的當然也包括他們的語言——英語。特別是自鴉片戰爭以來，英國將中國作為其商品市場和原料產地，英國商人不斷來華進行商品貿易，英語開始在中國的商界、上流社會及高等教育界開始流行。

二、兩次世界大戰期間中國英語的發展

在兩次世界大戰期間，西方英語國家和美國與中國的接觸更加頻繁、往來更加密切。英語在中國的發展已不僅僅局限在小范圍內，而是進一步推廣至文化教育界、軍事、政治等各個領域。在這期間還有大量的留學生被送往海外，留學生歸國後也為英語在中國的發展起了巨大的推動作用。
三、改革開放後中國英語的發展

改革開放後，中國與西方英語國家及美國的交往更加密切。對外貿易開始發展，外資企業也開始在中國市場上出現。為更好的適應改革開放後中國的經濟、社會發展，越來越多的人開始學習英語。1980年葛傳規先生首先提出「中國英語」的概念。且在2001年中國加入世界貿易組織後，中國與國際間的交往更加密切。

7. 中國歷史朝代簡介（英文版）

一、秦朝

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

譯文：秦朝（前221—前207）是由戰國時期的秦國發展起來的中國歷史上第一個大一統王朝，秦人的祖先大費是黃帝之孫顓頊的後裔，舜賜其嬴姓。

二、漢朝

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

譯文：漢朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是繼秦朝之後的大一統王朝，主要分為西漢、東漢時期，共歷29帝，享國四百零五年。

三、晉朝

Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

譯文：晉朝（266年－420年），中國歷史上的朝代，上承三國下啟南北朝，分為西晉與東晉兩個時期，其中西晉為中國歷史上大一統王朝之一，東晉則屬於六朝之一，兩晉共傳十五帝，共一百五十五年。

四、隋朝

Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

譯文：隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中國歷史上承南北朝下啟唐朝的大一統朝代。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

譯文：唐朝（618年—907年），是繼隋朝之後的大一統中原王朝，共歷二十一帝，享國二百八十九年。

(7)中國的英語歷史是什麼擴展閱讀：

中國歷史（中國區域范圍內的歷史）

中國歷史是指中國從中華文明產生到現在的歷史。中國歷史悠久，自黃帝部落的姬軒轅（也稱公孫軒轅）時期算起約有5000年；從三皇五帝算起約有4600年；自夏朝算起約有近4100年；從中國第一次大統一的中央集權制的秦朝算起約有2240年。

中國歷經多次政權演變和朝代更迭，也曾是世界上最強大的國家，經濟、文化、科技世界矚目。中國史前時期炎黃二帝被尊奉為中華民族的人文始祖。

約公元前2070年，中國最早的國家夏朝出現。東周推進了生產力發展和社會變革，思想上形成百家爭鳴的局面。公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中國歷史上第一個統一的專制主義中央集權帝國—秦朝，西漢進一步鞏固和發展了大一統的局面。

三國兩晉南北朝時，中國陷入分裂割據局面，五胡亂華期間，異族融於中國趨勢加強，諸多民族在分立政權的沖突中逐漸匯聚。隋唐時期，中央與邊疆少數民族聯系更為密切，經濟繁榮、科技文化高度發展。

宋元時期，多元文化碰撞交融，經濟、科技發展到新的高度。明朝鼎盛時期，社會經濟高度發展，明末在江南地區出現資本主義萌芽。

19世紀中期，鴉片戰爭後中國開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會。1911年辛亥革命，推翻了帝制，確立了共和政體。袁世凱死後，中國進入軍閥割據混亂時期。

後經國民大革命，土地革命，抗日戰爭以及解放戰爭，終於在1949年成立中華人民共和國。又經1966年到1976年的文化大革命。1978年後中國開始實行改革開放政策，中國經濟快速發展，2011年中國超越日本成為世界第二大經濟體。

8. 中國歷史,英文

Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers both along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era. The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700 BCE – ca. 1046 BCE).[1] Oracle Bones with ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BCE.[2] The origins of Chinese culture, literature and philosophy, developed ring the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE to 256 BCE).The Zhou Dynasty began to bow to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BCE. The ability of the Zhou to control its regional lords lessened, and the kingdom eventually broke apart into indivial smaller states, beginning in the Spring and Autumn Period and reaching full expression in the Warring States period. In 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huang united the various warring kingdoms and created the first Chinese empire. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to directly control vast territories.The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a dynasty alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by other inner Asian peoples, most of whom were in turn assimilated into the Han Chinese population. Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, and cultural assimilation, are part of the modern culture of China.

9. 中國的英文的來歷

目前關於中國的英文的來歷有主要有以下幾種說法：

說法一：源於瓷器

西方瓷器原本是從中國輸入的。明朝的時候，大批的中國瓷器產品就開始輸往西方世界。波斯人稱中國的瓷器為chini，歐洲商人在波斯購買中國瓷器也同時把一詞帶回了西方。後來，他們又把chini改為china，並且把生產china的中國也一並稱為China。歐美人談到China的時候，往往聯想到China(中國)是china(瓷器)之鄉。

說法二：源於秦朝

《美國遺產大詞典》的解釋是，「China」一詞與公元前三世紀的秦有關，「China」是秦國的「秦」的譯音，這一觀點首先是羅馬傳教士衛匡國（Martini, Martin）在1655年最早提出來的。

說法三：源於絲綢

在公元前五世紀，東方的絲綢已成為希臘上層社會喜愛的衣料，因此，有學者認為「Cina」一詞由來於絲綢的「絲」，其依據是希臘史學家克特西亞斯（Ctesias）在他的著作中提到了賽里斯人（Serica），由此認為「賽里斯」是由「Cina」轉變而來。持這一觀點的學者是成都理工大學劉興詩教授和上海東華大學教授周啟澄先生。劉興詩教授曾在論文《CHINA釋義新探》中不僅提出， 「China」一詞源於絲綢，還認為古時西土各國認定的「Cina」所在正是古蜀國，即今天的成都地區。「絲國」並非指今日中國的全境。

說法四：源於蒙古

中國北方諸族之裔呈通古斯、蒙古、突厥三大語族並存的局面，是上古語言生態融合而成的較為簡單的表象。以匈奴疆域之龐大，影響之廣，其語言和血緣必然混雜，是一個多血緣多語言的部落聯盟。總的來看，語言接近後世蒙古民族的形態，同屬於通古斯語。因此，「Cina」一詞的含義應該能夠在今天的蒙古語中得到相應的解釋。在蒙古語中的讀音可謂與「Cina」非常相象，讀做「赤那」，意思為「狼」。由於當時游牧民族強悍，以遠播到歐洲。可能以影響到對中國的稱呼。

說法五：源於印度梵文

起源於印度古梵文「支那」。這個支那又作脂那、至那。文僧蘇曼殊(1884-1918)通英、法、日、梵諸文，曾撰有《梵文典》。他認為China起源於古梵文「支那」，初作Cina。他研讀三千年前的古印度史詩《摩訶婆羅多》和《羅摩衍那》，發現支那一詞最早見於這兩部著作，其原義為「智巧」。他認為，這是三千四百年前印度婆羅多王朝時彼邦人士對黃河流域商朝所治國度的美稱。「智巧」與慧苑所說之「思維」內涵略有不同，想系詞義因時代而演變所致。

(9)中國的英語歷史是什麼擴展閱讀：

中國的其他外語翻譯

葡萄牙語：China 、 羅馬尼亞語：China 、 法語：Chine 、 希臘語：Kina（Κινα）、

馬扎爾語：Kina（匈牙利官方語言） 、 塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語：Kina/Кина 、 丹麥語：Kina、

蒙古人：Mongolian 、 滿族人： Manchurian 、 朝鮮人或稱韓國人 ;Korean 日本人：（ちゅうごく） chyuu go ku。

10. 中國歷史簡介英文版

As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers (2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.

This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Originally built in 652 ring the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.

Xuanzang started off from Chang'an (the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.

First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.

As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend. According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo. One day, they couldn't find meat to buy. Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: 'Today we have no meat. I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some.' At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground. All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious. They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat. Hence it got the name 'Big Wild Goose Pagoda'.

Da Ci'en Temple

Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named 'Ci'en' (Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters (38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.

Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.

Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons (14.76 gross tons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon. A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.

North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters (23920.6 square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area. In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex.

The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths. There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views. With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long (656-foot-long) sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose Pagoda.