瓷器的歷史意義英文

⑴ 求一篇關於介紹陶瓷的英文文章！！！！！

"陶瓷"是一種通稱,"陶"和"瓷"在質地上、物理性能上有很大區別。中國是最早製造陶器的國家之一,是最早發明瓷器的國家。
陶器的出現大約在距今1萬年左右,中國進入新石器時代,開始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的發明。中國陶器的分布比較廣泛,主要集中的在黃河流域和長江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器時期比較有代表性的文化類型,以彩陶為特點,也稱"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和廟底溝兩個類型,裝飾圖案有很高的藝術價值。馬家窯文化是新石器晚期的文化類型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今約5000年。黑陶是繼彩陶之後的又一偉大創造發明,距今約4000年的龍山文化時期,出現了工藝獨特的蛋殼陶。近些年來,山東、河北一帶多有仿製,有較高的收藏價值。秦漢時期的陶俑,是我國古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技術和藝術達到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清兩代的紫砂器等,都是中國陶器文物的重要內容,很值得深入收藏和研究。
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的總稱。陶瓷的傳統概念是指所有以粘土等無機非金屬礦物為原料的人工工業產品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物經混煉,成形,煅燒而製成的各種製品。由最粗糙的土器到最精細的精陶和瓷器都屬於它的范圍。對於它的主要原料是取之於自然界的硅酸鹽礦物(如粘土、長石、石英等),因此與玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工業,同屬於"硅酸鹽工業"(Silicate Instry)的范疇。

陶瓷的發展史是中華文明史的一個重要的組成部分,中國作為四大文明古國之一,為人類社會的進步和發展做出了卓越的貢獻,其中陶瓷的發明和發展更具有獨特的意義,中國歷史上各朝各代不同藝術風格和不同技術特點。英文中的"china"既有中國的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中國就是"陶瓷的故鄉"。changaiyin
早在歐洲人掌握瓷器製造技術一千多年前,中國人就已經製造出很精美的陶瓷器。中國是世界上最早應用陶器的國家之一,而中國瓷器因其極高的實用性和藝術性而備受世人的推崇。
所謂陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石礦做胎體,用長石和石英等原料制釉,並且通過成型、乾燥、燒制而成的製品,主要有日用、藝術、和建築陶器等三種。考古發現已經證明中國人早在新石器時代(約公元前8000)就發明了陶器。原始社會晚期出現的農業生產使中國人的祖先過上了比較固定的生活,客觀上對陶器有了需求。人們為了提高生活的方便,提高生活質量,逐漸通過燒制粘土燒制出了陶器。

隨著近代科學技術的發展,近百年來又出現了許多新的陶瓷品種。它們不再使用或很少使用粘土、長石、石英等傳統陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至擴大到非硅酸鹽,非氧化物的范圍,並且出現了許多新的工藝。美國和歐洲一些國家的文獻已將"Ceramic"一詞理解為各種無機非金屬固體材料的通稱。因此陶瓷的含義實際上已遠遠超越過去狹窄的傳統觀念了。

迄今為止,陶瓷器的界說似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用鋁硅酸鹽礦物或某些氧化物等為主要原料,依照人的意圖通過特定的物理化學工藝在高溫下以一定的溫度和氣氛製成的具有一定型式的工藝岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷質還具有不同程度的半透明度,通體是由一種或多種晶體或與無定形膠結物及氣孔或與熟料包裹體等微觀結構組成。

陶瓷工業是硅酸鹽工業的主要分支之一,屬於無機化學工業范圍.但現代科學高度綜合,互相滲透,從整個陶瓷工業製造工藝的內容來分析,它的錯綜復雜與牽涉之廣,顯然不是僅用無機化學的理論所能概括的。

陶瓷製品的品種繁多,它們之間的化學成分.礦物組成,物理性質,以及製造方法,常常互相接近交錯,無明顯的界限,而在應用上卻有很大的區別。因此很難硬性地歸納為幾個系統,詳細的分類法各家說法不一,到現在國際上還沒有一個統一的分類方法。

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.

The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.

With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.

To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.

Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.

A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.

⑵ 中國在英文是China，瓷器的英文是china，瓷器與中國的聯系何在呢

中國的瓷器以歷史悠久、造型優美、質地精良、裝飾俏麗新穎而享譽海內外。瓷器與中國的聯系是那樣的緊密，以至英文CHINA一詞，就有「中國」和「瓷器」的雙重意義。

另據《英漢詞海 The English-Chinese Word-Ocean Dictionary》（王同億主編譯，國防工業出版社，1987年）China詞條介紹，China做為瓷器的涵義，是源於波斯語chini（中國的或中國人），由於受到China表示中國這種表示法的影響，產生了母音音變，由chini變為china，成為瓷器的專有名詞。

至於這種變化最終在何時最後確定下來尚不得而知，但可以肯定的是，正是基於中國古代陶瓷的輝煌成就，以及由此而引發的陶瓷傳播之路，使得這種獨具中國特色的物品被世界人民所喜愛，將中國與瓷器永遠地結合在了一起。

⑶ 為什麼瓷器的英文是china

china的意思是「瓷器」,指瓷器、瓷盤、瓷碗的總稱或瓷料。a piece of china表示「一件瓷器」, a set of china表示「一套瓷器」。

詞彙分析

音標：英 [ˈtʃaɪnə] 美 [ˈtʃaɪnə]

釋義：瓷器;瓷餐具;杯、盤、碟等的總稱;陶器；

拓展資料

1、China's instry is developing at an unprecedented rate.

中國工業正以空前的速度發展。

2、We set sail from China for Japan.

我們從中國啟航駛往日本。

3、The people of New China all have a say in the affairs of their state.

新中國的人民對國家大事都有發言權。

4、Mr Li said China's reforms had brought vitality to its economy.

李先生說中國的改革給其經濟注入了活力。

5、China borders on India in the southwest.

中國的西南與印度相鄰。

⑷ 關於中國瓷器的英文文章,要通俗易懂，字不用太多。謝謝！

A Chinese porcelain-ware displaying battles between dragons, Kangxi era (1662-1722), Qing Dynasty.
Fonthill vase is the earliest Chinese porcelain object to have reached Europe. It was a Chinese gift for Louis the Great of Hungary in 1338.Porcelain is generally believed to have originated in China. Although proto-porcelain wares exist dating from the Shang Dynasty about 1600 BCE, by the Eastern Han Dynasty (100-200 BCE) high firing glazed ceramic wares had developed into porcelain, and porcelain manufactured ring the Tang Dynasty period (618–906) was exported to the Islamic world, where it was highly prized.[4] Early porcelain of this type includes the tri-color glazed porcelain, or sancai wares. Historian S.A.M. Adshead writes that true porcelain items in the restrictive sense that we know them today could be found in dynasties after the Tang,[5] ring the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties.

By the Sui (about 580 AD) and Tang (about 620 AD) dynasties, porcelain had become widely proced. Eventually, porcelain and the expertise required to create it began to spread into other areas; by the seventeenth century, it was being exported to Europe.

Korean and Japanese porcelain also have long histories and distinct artistic traditions 譯文：中國-ware顯示之間的戰斗龍，康熙時代（1662—1722），清朝。

希爾花瓶是中國最早的瓷器對象已達到歐洲。它是一個禮物，路易斯大帝的匈牙利1338。瓷一般認為起源於中國。雖然原始瓷器製品存在可從商朝大約公元前1600年，東漢（公元前100 - 200）高發射陶瓷釉陶器發展成瓷，瓷製造，在唐代時期（618–906）出口到伊斯蘭世界，它是非常珍貴的。[ 4]早期瓷器這種類型包括三色釉瓷器，或三彩陶器。歷史學家薩姆阿什德寫道，真正的瓷器在限制性意義，我們知道他們今天可以找到王朝唐朝之後，[ 5]在宋，元，明，清。

由隋（約580年）、唐（公元620年）時期，瓷器已成為廣泛生產。最終，瓷器和所需的專門知識創造它開始蔓延到其他地區；在第十七世紀，它被出口到歐洲。

韓國和日本的瓷器也有悠久的歷史和獨特的藝術傳統

⑸ 中國為什麼在英文中是China因瓷器出名只是其一方面原因。

歷史解密：為什麼中國被稱為CHINA？

中國的瓷器以歷史悠久、造型優美、質地精良版、裝飾俏麗權新穎而享譽海內外。瓷器與中國的聯系是那樣的緊密，以至英文CHINA一詞，就有「中國」和「瓷器」的雙重意義。

在我們進一步了解英文「CHINA」一詞的雙重涵義之前，先來簡略敘述一下瓷器的起源及在中國的發展。

中國瓷器的產生和發展

瓷器的前身是原始青瓷，它是由陶器向瓷器過渡階段的產物。中國最早的原始青瓷，發現於山西夏縣東下馮龍山文化遺址中，距今約4200年。器類有罐和缽。原始青瓷在中國分布較廣，黃河領域、長江中下游及南方地區都有發現。

中國真正的瓷器出現是在東漢時期（公元23－220年）。首先是在南方地區的浙江省開始出現的。浙江紹興上虞縣上浦小仙壇發現東漢晚期瓷窯址和青瓷等。瓷片質地細膩，釉面有光澤，胎釉結合緊密牢固。從顯微照相可見，青瓷殘片釉下已無殘留石英。這種釉無論在外貌上，或是顯微結構上，都已擺脫了原始青瓷的原始性。已符合真正的瓷器標准了。

東漢之後的三國兩晉媳背

⑹ 中國、陶瓷為何英文名稱都為「China」

陶瓷最初的稱呼是「Chinaware」，直譯：中國瓦。陶瓷產品，古稱瓦器（古時凡以土燒製成的陶土器皿，皆可稱「瓦」）。China放在ware之前，可知China初無瓷器一義；後來省略ware，小寫其字頭，簡稱瓷器為china；獲得瓷器之義，已經是晚清的事了。

「China」一詞的出現，不晚於遼金宋、不早於先秦；大致出現在隋唐時期。學界基本認定其作為瓷器的雙關含義遠遠晚於「China」作為中國的本意，所以China最初的意思就是指中國。

(6)瓷器的歷史意義英文擴展閱讀：

瓷器初入歐洲，法國人用當時社會流行的小說《牧羊女愛絲坦萊》中的男主人公賽拉同（Celadon）來稱呼青瓷。法王路易十四命令首相馬扎蘭創辦中國公司，到廣東訂造標有法國甲胄紋章的瓷器，凡爾賽宮內列有專室收藏中國陶瓷。

而十七世紀的英國人直接用「中國貨」（Chinaware）指稱來自中國的瓷器。英國女王瑪麗二世也醉心華瓷，在宮內專門設置許多玻璃櫥以陳列各式瓷器。於是英國社會以華瓷裝飾和日用的風氣便流行起來，瓷器漸成客廳和內室必不可少的陳設。

另據《英漢詞海 The English-Chinese Word-Ocean Dictionary》（王同億主編譯，國防工業出版社，1987年）China詞條介紹，China做為瓷器的涵義，是源於波斯語chini（中國的或中國人），由於受到China表示中國這種表示法的影響，產生了母音音變，由chini變為china，成為瓷器的專有名詞。

⑺ 求一篇關於陶瓷的英語小報

陶器的發明是人類文明的重要進程－－是人類第一次利用天然物，按照自己的意志創造出來的一種嶄新的東西。從河北省陽原縣泥河灣地區發現的舊石器時代晚期的陶片來看，在中國陶器的產生距今已有11700多年的悠久歷史。
陶器是用泥巴（粘土）成型晾乾後，用火燒出來的，是泥與火的結晶。我們的祖先對粘土的認識是由來已久的，早在原始社會的生活中，祖先們是處處離不開粘土，他們發現被水浸濕後的粘土有粘性和可塑性，曬干後變得堅硬起來。對於火的利用和認識歷史也是非常遠久的，大約在205萬年至70萬年前的元謀人時代，就開始用火了。先民們在漫長的原始生活中，發現曬乾的泥巴被火燒之後，變得更加結實、堅硬，而且可以防水，於是陶器就隨之而產生了。陶器的發明，它揭開了人類利用自然、改造自然、與自然做斗爭的新的一頁，具有重大的歷史意義，是人類生產發展史上的一個里程碑。
從目前所知的考古材料來看，陶器中的精品有舊石器時代晚期距今1萬多年的灰陶、有8000多年前的磁山文化的紅陶、有7000多年的仰韶文化的彩陶、有6000多年的大汶口的「蛋殼黑陶」、有4000多年的商代白陶、有3000多年的西周硬陶，還有秦代的兵馬俑、漢代的釉陶、唐代的唐三彩等。到了宋代，瓷器的生產迅猛發展，制陶業趨於沒落，但是有些特殊的陶器品種仍然具有獨特的魅力，如宋、遼三彩器和明、清至今的紫砂壺、琉璃、法花器及廣東石灣的陶塑等，都是別具一格，倍受贊賞。
但是陶器始終是文明初級階段的低級產品，它本身存在的缺陷註定了它逐漸被歷史淘汰的命運。
瓷器是中國古代的一項偉大發明，在漫長的歷史歲月中，勤勞智慧的中國先民們點土成金，寫下光輝燦爛的篇章，為人類文明作出了巨大的貢獻。亨有盛譽的中華古瓷，已成為世界各大博物館里的明珠，也將越來越廣泛地成為中國和世界各地的專家學者的研究對象，並受到廣大收藏家和陶瓷愛好者的珍重。
中國瓷器的發明和發展，是有著從低級到高級，從原始到成熟逐步發展的過程。早在3000多年前的商代，我國已出現了原始青瓷，再經過1000多年的發展，到東漢時期終於擺脫了原始瓷器狀態，燒制出成熟的青瓷器，這是我國陶瓷發展史上的一個重要里程碑。
經過三國、兩晉、南北朝和隋代共330多年的發展，到了唐朝中國政治穩定、經濟繁榮。社會的進步促進了制瓷業的發展，如北方邢窯白瓷「類銀類雪」，南方越窯青瓷「類玉類冰」。形成「北白南青」的兩大窯系。同時唐代還燒制出雪花釉、紋胎釉和釉下彩瓷及貼花裝飾等品種。
宋代是我國瓷器空前發展的時期，出現了百花齊放，百花爭艷的局面，瓷窯遍及南北各地，名窯迭出，品類繁多，除青、白兩大瓷系外，黑釉、青白釉和彩繪瓷紛紛興起。舉世聞名的汝、官、哥、定、鈞五大名窯的產品為世所珍。還有耀州窯、湖田窯、龍泉窯、建窯、吉州窯、磁州窯等產品也是風格獨特，各領風騷，呈現出欣欣向榮的好局面，是我國陶瓷發展史上的第一個高峰。
元代在景德鎮設「浮梁瓷局」統理窯務，發明了瓷石加高嶺土的二元配方，燒制出大型瓷器，並成功地燒制出典型的元青花和釉里紅及樞府瓷等，尤其是元青花燒製成功，在中國陶瓷史上具有劃時代的意義。宋、金時戰亂後遺留下來的南北各地的主要瓷窯仍然繼續生產，其中龍泉窯比宋時更加擴大，其中梅子青瓷是元代龍泉窯的上乘之作。還有「金絲鐵線」的元哥瓷，應是仿宋官窯器之產物，也是曠世希珍。
明代從洪武35年開始在景德鎮設立「御窯廠」，200多年來燒制出許許多多的高、精、尖產品，如永宣的青花和銅紅釉、成化的鬥彩、萬曆五彩等都是希世珍品。御窯廠的存在也帶動了民窯的進一步發展。景德鎮的青花、白瓷、彩瓷、單色釉等品種，繁花似錦，五彩繽紛，成為全國的制瓷中心。還有福建的德化白瓷產品都十分精美。
清朝康、雍、乾三代瓷器的發展臻於鼎盛，達到了歷史上的最高水平，是中國陶瓷發展史上的第二個高峰。景德鎮瓷業盛況空前，保持中國瓷都的地位。康熙時不但恢復了明代永樂，宣德朝以來所有精品的特色，還創燒了很多新的品種，並燒制出色澤鮮明翠碩、濃淡相間，層次分明的青花。郎窯還恢復了失傳200多年的高溫銅紅釉的燒制技術，郎窯紅、缸豆紅獨步一時。還有天蘭、灑蘭、豆青、嬌黃、仿定、孔雀綠、紫金釉等都是成功之作，另外康熙時創燒的琺琅彩瓷也聞名於世。
The invention of the pottery is mankind the important progress －－ of the civilization be the first time mankind made use of a natural thing and came out according to own will creation of a kind of brand-new of thing.The pottery slice in old stone age later period discovered from the original county mire river gulf region of sun in Hebei to see, be apart from in the creation of pottery in China have already had the long history for more than 11700 years now.
The pottery after ising with the mud(glue soil) model to dry in the air burns out with the fire of, is the crystallize of mire and fire.Our ancestries are already a long time to the understanding which glues soil, in the life of as early as primitive society, the ancestries are in everywhere to can not get away from to glue soil, their detection is wet behind by water of glue soil have already glued sex and plasticity, become strong and tough after dry in the sun.To exploitation and understanding history of fire also very far long of, about by 205-70 ten thousand yearses of the dollar strive for person's ages, started use fire.First in the endless original life, the peoples discover the mud of airing to be after fire burn become to fructify more, strong and tough, and can be waterproof, hence pottery immediately but proce.Pottery of invention, it uncovered mankind to make use of nature, reformation nature, with nature do to struggle of new of one page, have important history meaning, is mankind proce to develop a milestone on the history.
From currently the cist material know to see, the exquisite article in the pottery has an old stone age later period to be apart from now the ash pottery for more than 10,000 years and has the Ci mountain of more than 8000 year agos the red pottery of the culture, has the Yang Shao of more than 7000 years the colourful pottery of the culture and has more than 6000 years of big Wen of"the eggshell black pottery", have the company of more than 4000 years generation a white pottery and have the west of more than 3000 years a hard pottery for week, there are also Tang's three colourful etc.s of the enamel pottery, Tang Dynasty of the terra cotta warrior, Han Dynasty in Qin Dynasty.Went to Sung generation, the fast fierce development of the proce of china, make a pottery instry to tend in decline, but some special pottery specieses still keep having special magic power, such as Sung, Liao 3, method flower machine and stone gulf in Guangdong of pottery Su etc., all have an unique style, doubly be subjected to applause.
But the pottery is always a civilization entry-level the low class proct of the stage, it of existent blemish's destining it is eliminate by the history graally of destiny.
The china is a great invention in Chinese ancient times, in the endless history years, hard-working wise China first the peoples order soil to become a gold, write down splendid literary piece and the behavior civilization made huge contribution.The Heng has the China ancient porcelain of great reputation, have become each bright pearl in the big museum in the world, also will more and more and broadly become China and the expert scholar's research object of world-wide locations, and be subjected to take good care of large collector and porcelain and ceramics fancier.
Invention and development of Chinese china, is have to arrive from the low class high class, arrive maturity to graally develop from the originality of process.As early as company's generation of more than 3000 year agos, the our country has already appeared original green porcelain, again through the development for more than 1000 years, arrive east Han period finally got away from original china appearance, burn to make the green china of the maturity, this is our country porcelain and ceramics development an important milestone on the history.
Through the Three Kingdoms, two Jin, South and North Dynasty and development of Sui generation total more than 330 years, arrived the tang dynasty Chinese political stability, economy to prosper.The social progress promoted to make the development of porcelain instry, such as northern Xing kiln white porcelain"type silver snow", south more the kiln green porcelain"type jade ice".The two greatest kilns of the formation"north white south green" fasten.The Tang Dynasty still burns to make a snowflake enamel, the line foetus enamel and enamel to snow specieses, such as colourful porcelain and applique adornment...etc. in the meantime.
Sung generation period which is the unprecedented development of the our country china, appeared to let a hundred flowers blossom, the all flowers contended for gorgeous situation, kiln all over the south be north everyplace, kiln Die, category numerous, the green and white two greatest porcelainses fasten, besides which, black enamel, green white enamel with color porcelain to rise in succession.The Ru, officer, elder brother of world famous, settle, Jun the proct of five name kilns is a life time Jean.Still have already show off state kiln, farms in lake area kiln, Lung-chuan kiln, set up procts, such as kiln, Ji state kiln and Ci state kiln...etc. is also that the style is special, each get coquettish, present the good situation of a thriving, is an our country porcelain and ceramics to develop the first high peak on the history.
The dollar generation establishes "float beam porcelain a bureau" all reason kiln a ty in the view virtuous town and invented a porcelain stone to add Gao Ling3 Tu3 of two first wife square, burn to make a large china, and successfully burn to make a dollar of typical model green flower and enamel in red and Shu mansion porcelain the etc. be particularly a dollar green flower to burn to make into achievement, have epoch-making meaning on the Chinese porcelain and ceramics history.Sung, gold war disorderly behind loose to stay of south north everyplace of the main kiln still keeps continuing to proce, among them kiln in Lung-chuan ratio Sung extend more, among them, the plum green porcelain be a dollar generation Lung-chuan kiln of best make.Still having the dollar of"gold silk wire" elder brother's porcelain in response to being to from Song Dynasty stlye an officer the outcome of the kiln machine is stillalso a Kuang a life time rare Jean.
The Ming Dynasty starts from the Hong for martial 35 years in the view virtuous town establishing "resist kiln factory", more than 200 in the last yearses burn to make a Gao, Jing with much more, sharp proct, such as always declare of green flower and the copper red enamel, become turn of the Dou be colourful, ten thousand Li multicolored etc. hopes a life time delicacy.The existence which resists kiln factory also aroused the further development of people's kiln.The green flower, white porcelain, colourful porcelain, monochrome enamel of the view virtuous town etc. the species, blooming flowers, a riot of colour, become porcelain center in the make of whole country.Still have Fukien of virtuous turn a white porcelain proct all very elegant.
Manchu Dynasty Kang, Yong, Gan three developments of chinas become vigorous, come to a the historical and tallest level, is a Chinese porcelain and ceramics development the second high peak on the history.The view virtuous porcelain instry an exceptionally grand occasion in the town, keep Chinese porcelains all of position.Kangxi not only recovered Ming Dynasty Yung-loh, declare a virtuous dynasty the special features of all exquisite articles, also created to burn a lot of new specieses, and burn to make a color and luster fresh and clear Cui large and thick thin and alternate, the layer clear green flower.The Lang kiln still recovered the burn of the heat copper red enamel for lost more than 200 years to make a technique, the Lang kiln was red, urn the bean be at that time red to only tread.Still have a day, orchid, spread an orchid, bean green, Jiao Huang, imitate to settle, the peacock green and purple gold enamel etc. be all successful to make, another Kangxi create to burn of the enamel colourful porcelain also rises in the world.

⑻ 關於陶瓷發展以及陶瓷怎樣傳入國外得英語作文

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.
The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.
With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.
To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.
Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.
A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.

翻譯
"陶瓷"是一種通稱,"陶"和"瓷"在質地上、物理性能上有很大區別.中國是最早製造陶器的國家之一,是最早發明瓷器的國家.
陶器的出現大約在距今1萬年左右,中國進入新石器時代,開始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的發明.中國陶器的分布比較廣泛,主要集中的在黃河流域和長江流域.其中仰韶文化是新石器時期比較有代表性的文化類型,以彩陶為特點,也稱"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和廟底溝兩個類型,裝飾圖案有很高的藝術價值.馬家窯文化是新石器晚期的文化類型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今約5000年.黑陶是繼彩陶之後的又一偉大創造發明,距今約4000年的龍山文化時期,出現了工藝獨特的蛋殼陶.近些年來,山東、河北一帶多有仿製,有較高的收藏價值.秦漢時期的陶俑,是我國古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技術和藝術達到了很高的境地.此外,唐代的三彩器、明清兩代的紫砂器等,都是中國陶器文物的重要內容,很值得深入收藏和研究.
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的總稱.陶瓷的傳統概念是指所有以粘土等無機非金屬礦物為原料的人工工業產品.它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物經混煉,成形,煅燒而製成的各種製品.由最粗糙的土器到最精細的精陶和瓷器都屬於它的范圍.對於它的主要原料是取之於自然界的硅酸鹽礦物(如粘土、長石、石英等),因此與玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工業,同屬於"硅酸鹽工業"(Silicate Instry)的范疇.
陶瓷的發展史是中華文明史的一個重要的組成部分,中國作為四大文明古國之一,為人類社會的進步和發展做出了卓越的貢獻,其中陶瓷的發明和發展更具有獨特的意義,中國歷史上各朝各代不同藝術風格和不同技術特點.英文中的"china"既有中國的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中國就是"陶瓷的故鄉".changaiyin
早在歐洲人掌握瓷器製造技術一千多年前,中國人就已經製造出很精美的陶瓷器.中國是世界上最早應用陶器的國家之一,而中國瓷器因其極高的實用性和藝術性而備受世人的推崇.
所謂陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石礦做胎體,用長石和石英等原料制釉,並且通過成型、乾燥、燒制而成的製品,主要有日用、藝術、和建築陶器等三種.考古發現已經證明中國人早在新石器時代(約公元前8000)就發明了陶器.原始社會晚期出現的農業生產使中國人的祖先過上了比較固定的生活,客觀上對陶器有了需求.人們為了提高生活的方便,提高生活質量,逐漸通過燒制粘土燒制出了陶器.
隨著近代科學技術的發展,近百年來又出現了許多新的陶瓷品種.它們不再使用或很少使用粘土、長石、石英等傳統陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至擴大到非硅酸鹽,非氧化物的范圍,並且出現了許多新的工藝.美國和歐洲一些國家的文獻已將"Ceramic"一詞理解為各種無機非金屬固體材料的通稱.因此陶瓷的含義實際上已遠遠超越過去狹窄的傳統觀念了.
迄今為止,陶瓷器的界說似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用鋁硅酸鹽礦物或某些氧化物等為主要原料,依照人的意圖通過特定的物理化學工藝在高溫下以一定的溫度和氣氛製成的具有一定型式的工藝岩石.表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷質還具有不同程度的半透明度,通體是由一種或多種晶體或與無定形膠結物及氣孔或與熟料包裹體等微觀結構組成.
陶瓷工業是硅酸鹽工業的主要分支之一,屬於無機化學工業范圍.但現代科學高度綜合,互相滲透,從整個陶瓷工業製造工藝的內容來分析,它的錯綜復雜與牽涉之廣,顯然不是僅用無機化學的理論所能概括的.
陶瓷製品的品種繁多,它們之間的化學成分.礦物組成,物理性質,以及製造方法,常常互相接近交錯,無明顯的界限,而在應用上卻有很大的區別.因此很難硬性地歸納為幾個系統,詳細的分類法各家說法不一,到現在國際上還沒有一個統一的分類方法.

⑼ 陶瓷在中國發展史上的意義是什麼在教育中能起到什麼作用

早在新石器時代晚期,我國的陶技術已經發展到很高的水平,能夠製造出非常精美的"彩陶".因而,這個時期的文化,被稱之為"彩陶文化".到了商代,陶瓷工藝分灰陶,白陶,釉陶等多種.這時期由於燒陶技術的提高,利用還原焰燒成,陶胎較硬,經久耐用.其中白陶是商代陶工藝中的一種特殊產品,這是用高嶺土作成.釉陶的釉色也是中國瓷器的萌芽.西周時期的陶瓷工藝,在商代的基礎上有重大發展,已發現原始瓷器燒成溫度達1200度左右.春秋戰國的陶瓷,比西周時期更為發展,已出現官方經營和私家生產.到了漢代,陶瓷工藝有了進一步提高,並有所創新,各類陶瓷已取代了一部分銅器和漆器的地位.說明了我國至漢代已完成了從制陶發展為制瓷的過渡,成為世界上首創瓷器的國家.唐代的瓷器主要有青瓷,白瓷,花瓷和唐三彩幾類.唐三彩是這一期時出現的一朵奇異的陶瓷之花,因為它經常用黃,綠.褐等色釉,在器皿上構成花朵,斑點或幾何紋等各種色彩斑斕的色釉裝飾,所以稱為三彩,這是一種底溫鉛釉的彩釉陶器.到了宋代,陶瓷是工藝美術中最為傑出的一個品種,是我國古代作瓷發展的一個鼎盛時期,故稱宋代是"瓷器的時期"簡稱"宋瓷".當是比較著名的還有五大窯:河南的鈞窯,官窯,汝窯和河北的定窯,浙江的哥窯.真宗景德年間,在江西所制進貢瓷器,底書"景德年作"四字,這就是後來居上,馳名中外的景德鎮瓷器.在當時已是對外貿易的主要貨物之一,遠銷到日本,高麗,南洋諸國,印度以及阿拉伯,敘利亞,埃及與歐洲諸國.到明代是紫砂壺創作的極盛時期,江蘇宜興的紫砂壺開始出名.清代陶瓷,繼承明代的傳統,以景德鎮為燒作中心,清瓷的瓷色白而泛青,產生更為和諧的藝術效果,成為清代瓷器的主要品種.近年以來,我國陶瓷的生產技術正在飛躍發展,科學技術的應用已根本改變了以前全靠手工操作的落後面貌,使瓷質潔白度和光潔度大大提高,花色品種不斷增加. 由於我國陶瓷在國際上享有崇高的榮譽,無不受到國內外廣大愛好者的歡迎!

⑽ 陶瓷的英語介紹

"陶瓷"是一種通稱,"陶"和"瓷"在質地上、物理性能上有很大區別。中國是最早製造陶器的國家之一,是最早發明瓷器的國家。
陶器的出現大約在距今1萬年左右,中國進入新石器時代,開始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的發明。中國陶器的分布比較廣泛,主要集中的在黃河流域和長江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器時期比較有代表性的文化類型,以彩陶為特點,也稱"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和廟底溝兩個類型,裝飾圖案有很高的藝術價值。馬家窯文化是新石器晚期的文化類型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今約5000年。黑陶是繼彩陶之後的又一偉大創造發明,距今約4000年的龍山文化時期,出現了工藝獨特的蛋殼陶。近些年來,山東、河北一帶多有仿製,有較高的收藏價值。秦漢時期的陶俑,是我國古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技術和藝術達到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清兩代的紫砂器等,都是中國陶器文物的重要內容,很值得深入收藏和研究。
陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的總稱。陶瓷的傳統概念是指所有以粘土等無機非金屬礦物為原料的人工工業產品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物經混煉,成形,煅燒而製成的各種製品。由最粗糙的土器到最精細的精陶和瓷器都屬於它的范圍。對於它的主要原料是取之於自然界的硅酸鹽礦物(如粘土、長石、石英等),因此與玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工業,同屬於"硅酸鹽工業"(Silicate Instry)的范疇。

陶瓷的發展史是中華文明史的一個重要的組成部分,中國作為四大文明古國之一,為人類社會的進步和發展做出了卓越的貢獻,其中陶瓷的發明和發展更具有獨特的意義,中國歷史上各朝各代不同藝術風格和不同技術特點。英文中的"china"既有中國的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中國就是"陶瓷的故鄉"。
早在歐洲人掌握瓷器製造技術一千多年前,中國人就已經製造出很精美的陶瓷器。中國是世界上最早應用陶器的國家之一,而中國瓷器因其極高的實用性和藝術性而備受世人的推崇。
所謂陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石礦做胎體,用長石和石英等原料制釉,並且通過成型、乾燥、燒制而成的製品,主要有日用、藝術、和建築陶器等三種。考古發現已經證明中國人早在新石器時代(約公元前8000)就發明了陶器。原始社會晚期出現的農業生產使中國人的祖先過上了比較固定的生活,客觀上對陶器有了需求。人們為了提高生活的方便,提高生活質量,逐漸通過燒制粘土燒制出了陶器。

隨著近代科學技術的發展,近百年來又出現了許多新的陶瓷品種。它們不再使用或很少使用粘土、長石、石英等傳統陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至擴大到非硅酸鹽,非氧化物的范圍,並且出現了許多新的工藝。美國和歐洲一些國家的文獻已將"Ceramic"一詞理解為各種無機非金屬固體材料的通稱。因此陶瓷的含義實際上已遠遠超越過去狹窄的傳統觀念了。

迄今為止,陶瓷器的界說似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用鋁硅酸鹽礦物或某些氧化物等為主要原料,依照人的意圖通過特定的物理化學工藝在高溫下以一定的溫度和氣氛製成的具有一定型式的工藝岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷質還具有不同程度的半透明度,通體是由一種或多種晶體或與無定形膠結物及氣孔或與熟料包裹體等微觀結構組成。

陶瓷工業是硅酸鹽工業的主要分支之一,屬於無機化學工業范圍.但現代科學高度綜合,互相滲透,從整個陶瓷工業製造工藝的內容來分析,它的錯綜復雜與牽涉之廣,顯然不是僅用無機化學的理論所能概括的。

陶瓷製品的品種繁多,它們之間的化學成分.礦物組成,物理性質,以及製造方法,常常互相接近交錯,無明顯的界限,而在應用上卻有很大的區別。因此很難硬性地歸納為幾個系統,詳細的分類法各家說法不一,到現在國際上還沒有一個統一的分類方法。

"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention.
The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research.
Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial instrial procts. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of procts. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as instry, with an "instrial silicate" (Silicate Instry ) Area.

The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery."
As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.
The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the procts, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural proction so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, graally burn through the burning out of the clay pottery.

With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow.

To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure.

Portland ceramic instry is one of the main branches of instry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical instry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic instry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized.

A wide variety of ceramic procts, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.